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摘要:纤维增强碳化硅复合材料具有优异的力学及热学性能被广泛应用在航空航天、核能、汽车、化工等诸多领域，特别是在光学反射镜方面有良好的应用前景。本文介绍了纤维增强碳化硅复合材料的特点以及其相对传统反射镜材料的优势，对比分析了不同纤维增强碳化硅复合材料制备工艺的优缺点，阐述了不同界面层对纤维的保护作用及对复合材料性能的影响，综述了国内外纤维增强碳化硅复合材料在光学反射镜领域的应用进展，最后总结了纤维增强碳化硅反射镜坯实现大规模应用所需进一步开展的研究方向。Abstract:Fiber-reinforced silicon carbide composites with excellent mechanical and thermal properties are widely used in aerospace, nuclear energy, automobile, chemical industry and many other fields, especially in optical mirrors. This paper introduces the characteristics of fiber-reinforced silicon carbide composites. The advantages and disadvantages of different preparation processes of fiber-reinforced silicon carbide composites are compared. The protective effects of different interface layers on fibers and composites are expounded. The application progress of fiber-reinforced silicon carbide composites in the field of optical mirrors at home and abroad is summarized. Finally, the research direction to be carried out for realizing large-scale application of fiber-reinforced silicon carbide mirror blanks is analyzed.
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表 1不同纤维增强碳化硅制备方法的优缺点对比
Table 1.Comparison of advantages and disadvantages of different preparation methods for fiber-reinforced silicon carbide
制备方法 优点 缺点 先驱体浸渍裂解法（PIP） 裂解温度低，
纤维损伤小，
可制备形状复杂构件易产生裂纹，
孔隙率高，
生产周期长化学气相渗透（CVI） 基体纯度高，
可制备形状复杂构件生产周期较长，
成本高，
不适合制备厚壁构件反应浸渗（RI） 生产周期短，
可制备形状复杂构件，
近净尺寸成型残硅量高，
硅化反应造成纤维损伤纳米浸渍，瞬时共晶（NITE） 致密度高，
生产周期短纤维易产生损伤，
基体含杂质，
不适合制备复杂形状构件
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