基于双各向异性超构表面的多样化表面波 -

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基于双各向异性超构表面的多样化表面波

游欧波^1,,
高文龙⁴,
刘亚超⁵,
项元江^3,,,
张霜^{1, 2,,}

1.
香港大学物理學系，香港，中国
2.
香港大学電機電子工程系，香港，中国
3.
湖南大学物理与微电子科学学院，长沙中国，410082
4.
Department of Physics，Paderborn University，Warburger Straße 100，Paderborn Germany，33098
5.
深圳大学微纳光电子学研究院，深圳中国，518060

详细信息

中图分类号:O43, TN201, TN25
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出版历程
- 收稿日期:2021-05-01
- 修回日期:2021-05-20
- 网络出版日期:2021-05-31
- 刊出日期:2021-07-01

Diverse surface waves supported by bianisotropic meta surfaces

doi:10.37188/CO.2021-0098

1.
Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong China
2.
Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong China
3.
School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
4.
Department of Physics, Paderborn University, WarburgerStraße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
5.
Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China

More Information

Author Bio:
YOU Ou-bo(1989—), male, born in Quzhou, Zhejiang Province. He received his bachelor and Ph.D. degrees in Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University in 2017. Currently, he is a postdoc fellow in the Department of Physics at the University of Hong Kong. His main research interests include metamaterials and nanophotonics. E-mail:yououbo@hku.hk
XIANG Yuan-jiang(1978—), male, born in Taizhou, Zhejiang Province. He received the M.S. degree in physics and microelectronics sciences and the Ph.D. degree in computer application technology from Hunan University, China, in 2006 and 2011, respectively. He is currently a Professor with Hunan University. His main research interest includes the transmission and control of light and electromagnetic waves. E-mail:xiangyuanjiang@126.com
ZHANG Shuang(1975—), male, born in Dalian, Liaoning province. Currently, he is a chair professor in the Department of Physics and the Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering at the University of Hong Kong. He received his Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of New Mexico in 2005, and elected as OSA member in 2016. He has made many important achievements in field of metamaterial. E-mail:shuzhang@hku.hk

Corresponding author:xiangyuanjiang@126.com;shuzhang@hku.hk

摘要

摘要:基于结构化的金属表面，即超构表面，所获得的表面波最近得到了广泛关注。它们在各种不同的频率下在集成光学回路、成像以及生物检测中都有着良好的应用前景。本文中，我们展示了一种由双各向异性超构材料单元构成的超构表面可以支持多种不同偏振模式的表面态。这个结构拥有D _2d点群对称性，包括了在 xz和 yz面内拥有镜面对称，以及在 y= ± x方向上拥有C ₂旋转对称性。基于这种对称性，这个超构表面可以在 k_x和 k_y方向上支持横电模（TE）以及横磁模（TM）的同时支持在 k_y= ± k_x方向上的纯纵模以及椭偏的横电磁模（TEM）。这种超构表面上的多种表面模式可能会产生新的表面波现象以及器件应用。
- 表面等离子体激元/
- 超构表面/
- 双各向异性/
- 横电模/
- 横磁模
Abstract:Surface waves supported by structured metallic surfaces, i.e.metasurfaces, have drawn wide attention recently.They are promising for various applications ranging from integrated photonic circuits to imaging and bio-sensing in various frequency regimes. In this work, we show that surface states with diverse polarization configurations can be supported by a metasurface consisting of a single layer of bianisotropic metamaterial elements.The structure possesses D _2dsymmetry, which includes mirror symmetry in the xzand yzplane, and C ₂rotational symmetry along y= ± xaxis. Due to this unique symmetry, the metasuface supports both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) waves along k_xand k_ydirections, while a purely longitudinal mode and an elliptically polarized transverse electromagnetic(TEM) mode along k_y= ± k_xdirections. The versatility of the surface modes on the metasurface may lead to new surface wave phenomena and device applications.
- surface plasmon/
- metasurface/
- bianisotropy/
- transverse electric/
- transverse magnetic

HTML全文

图 1(a)单层超构表面示意图。每一个单元都由在介电常数为2.2的基底中的拥有D_2d点群对称性的马鞍形金属内嵌物构成。该超构表面沿k_x或k_y方向的周期是p；(b)该表面的能带结构。第1、2、3条能带以及光锥分别由黄色、红色、蓝色以及绿色标出；(c)该超构表面沿着k_y=0方向的色散。其中第1、2条能带在这个方向的模场分别是电等离子体激元以及磁等离子体激元；(d)该超构表面沿着k_y=k_x方向的色散。其中第1、2条能带在这个方向的模场分别是横电磁模（椭偏）以及纵模

Figure 1.(a) The schematic of the single-layer metasurface. Every unit cell consists of a saddle-shaped metallic inclusion possessing D_2dpoint symmetry embedded in the dielectric substrate whose relative permittivity is 2.2. The period of the metasurface alongk_xork_yisp. (b) The band structure of the metasurface. The 1^st, 2^nd, 3^rdbands and light cone are plotted in yellow, red, blue and green, respectively. (c) The dispersions of the surface modes alongk_y=0 direction. The modes along this direction corresponding to the 1^stand 2^ndbands can be regarded as electric plasmon and magnetic plasmon, respectively. (d) The dispersions of the surface modes alongk_y=k_xdirection. The modes along this direction for the 1^stand 2^ndbands can be regarded as transverse mode (elliptically polarized) and longitudinal mode, respectively

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图 2沿着x方向传播的表面等离子体激元的场分布。场分布所在截面的位置在最左边的结构单元示意图中标出；(a, b)在图1(c)中第1个模式上的点①处E和H分布；(c, d)在图1(c)中第2个模式上的点②处E和H分布。点①和②处的k_x等于π/2p，p是沿x和y方向的结构周期

Figure 2.Field distributions of surface plasmon modes propagating alongxdirection. On the left, the schematic of the unit cell illustrating the plane in which the fields are plotted is shown. (a, b) The E and H field distributions for point ① on 1^stmode inFig. 1(c). (c, d) The E and H fields for point ② on 2^ndmode.k_xof point ① and ② is fixed at π/2p, wherepis the period alongxandydirections

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图 3沿k_x=k_y方向的表面等离子体激元模式的场分布。(a, b)图1(d)中第1个模式在点③处(k_x=k_y= π/2p)的场分布。仿真得到的在垂直传播方向的面上的E(a)和H(b)场分布，截面位置显示在上方示意图中。在两个图中，总体的场分布都在面内，证明了这是一个横电磁模。(c, d)图1(d)中第2个模式在点④处(k_x=k_y= π/2p)的场分布。仿真得到的在垂直传播方向的面上的E(c)和H(d)场分布，截面位置显示在上方示意图中。在两个图中，总体的场分布都指向面外（沿着传播方向），证明了这是一个同时拥有电场和磁场的纵模。(e-h)图1(d)中非常接近M点的⑤和⑥处的穿过结构单元中心的xy截面处的场分布，(e, f)分别代表了点⑤处的E和H场分布；(g, h)分别代表了点⑥处的E和H场分布。通过一个面内关于结构单元中心的90°旋转以及z方向上的镜面对称操作，这两个模式之间可以进行互相转换

Figure 3.Field distributions of surface plasmon modes propagating alongk_x=k_ydirection. (a, b) Field distributions of 1^stmode at point ③ (k_x=k_y= π/2p) inFig. 1(d). The simulated E (a) and H (b) field distributions in the plane perpendicular to the propagation direction, corresponding to the cutting plane shown in the schematic above. In both plots, the overall field distribution lie in the plane, indicating that this is a TEM mode. (c, d) Field distributions of 2^ndmode at point ④ (k_x=k_y= π/2p) inFig. 1(d). The simulated E (c) and H (d) field distributions in the plane perpendicular to the propagation direction, corresponding to the cutting plane shown in the schematic above. In both plots, the overall field distributions are out of plane (along the propagation direction), indicating that this is a pure longitudinal mode with both longitudinal components of E and H fields. (e-h) Field distributions of points ⑤ and ⑥ inFig. 1(d), closing to theMpoint (phase advance is 170°), for a horizontalxyplane cutting through the center of the unit cell, as indicated by the schematic above. (e, f) correspond to the E and H field distributions of point ⑤, and (g, h) correspond to E and H field distributions of point ⑥. It is observed that the two modes are related to each other through an in-plane rotation of 90° about the center of the unit cell, followed by a mirror symmetry inzdirection

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图 4测量得到的表面模式的等频面以及色散曲线。测量(a)以及仿真(b)得到的在10.9 GHz处的等频面。测量(c)以及仿真(d)得到的在13.3 GHz处的等频面。(e, f)表面模式沿着k_x/k_y和k_x=±k_y方向上的色散曲线，虚线代表仿真结果

Figure 4.Measured EFC and dipersion curves of the surface modes. The measured (a) and simulated (b) EFC at frequency of 10.9 GHz. The measured (c) and simulated (d) EFC at frequency of 13.3 GHz. (e, f) The dispersion of the surface modes alongk_x/k_yandk_x=±k_ydirections, respectively. The dashed lines in the plots correspond to the simulation results

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图 5入射偏振依赖的表面模式激发的实验结果。(a)测量表面模式的实验设置。激发偶极天线的摆放方向或者垂直（上方示意图）或者水平（下方示意图）；(b, c)上表面在p_x−p_z或p_x+p_z激发下的电场分布。(d, e)下表面在LCP或RCP激发下的电场分布。(b~e)所有的子图都代表了布里渊区等频面

Figure 5.Measurement of polarization controllable excitation of surface modes. (a) The experimental setup for measuring the surface mode. The excitation dipole antenna is oriented either in the vertical direction (upper panel) or the horizontal direction (lower panel). (b, c) Electric field distribution on top surfaces under polarization ofp_x−p_zandp_x+p_z, respectively. (d, e) Same as (b, c) but the fields are measured on bottom surfaces under LCP and RCP excitation, respectively. All subplots attached to (b-e) are the corresponding EFCs in the Brillouin zone

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