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摘要:
光学系统性能的有效实现不仅依靠成像质量的设计结果，还受制于光学加工公差、装配公差、环境公差等多种公差的可实现性。具备低误差敏感度特征的光学系统，公差精度要求宽松，可以更好地抵抗误差引起的像质退化，在降低制造成本的同时，有效地提高了光学系统的可实现性，因此降低误差敏感度是光学系统设计应考虑的重要环节。本文分析了光学系统误差敏感度研究现状，总结了典型的光学系统降敏方法，并对这些方法在光学系统设计中的应用进行概述。最后，对光学系统低误差敏感度设计方法的未来发展进行了展望。
Abstract:The effective realization of desired optical system performances depends not only on the design results of imaging quality, but also on the realizability of various tolerances such as optical manufacturing tolerances, assembly tolerances, and environmental tolerances. An optical system with low error sensitivity relaxes tolerance requirements, which can better resist image quality degradation disturbed by errors. While reducing manufacturing costs, it effectively improves the realizability of an optical system, thereby reducing error sensitivity. It is an important link that should be considered in optical system design. This paper analyzes and summarizes the research status of optical system error sensitivity, summarizes typical optical system desensitization methods, and summarizes the application of these methods in optical system design. Finally, potential future development directions for low error sensitivity design methods for optical systems are provided.
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图 5（a）应用非球面的手机相机设计布局图；（b）应用Q-type自由曲面手机相机设计布局图；（c）应用非球面的镜头元件4偏心30 μm后的MTF表现；（d）应用Q-type自由曲面的镜头元件4偏心30 μm后的MTF表现；（e）应用非球面及（f）应用Q-type自由曲面的镜头元件厚度变化10 μm的WFE[17]
Figure 5.(a) Mobile phone camera design layout with Power Series aspheres; (b) mobile phone camera design layout with Q-type aspheres; (c) MTF of Lens with Power Series aspheres element 4 with decenter of 30 μm; (d) MTF of Lens with Q-type aspheres element 4 with decenter of 30 μm; WFE of the lenses with (e) Power Series aspheres and (f) Q-type aspheres with a change in element thickness of 10 µm[17]
图 9降敏设计前后变化量对比；（a）S；（b）WFE[25]
Figure 9.S and ∆RMS WFE before and after desensitization
图 11AOE降敏设计过程中的光学系统：离轴量（a）350 mm；（b）250 mm；（c）200 mm；（d）200 mm，倾斜三镜和像面消除光线遮拦和光线交叉[27]
Figure 11.Optical system in AOE desensitization design process:off-axis magnitude (a) 350 mm; (b) 250 mm; (c) 200 mm; (d) 200 mm, tilt tertiary mirror and image plane to eliminate ray obsuration and ray crossing[27]
图 17应用Leticia Carrión-Higueras的三种方法降敏设计前后对比图：（a）降敏设计前后透镜组的波像差；（b）降敏设计前后系统的MTF[1]
Figure 17.Comparison diagrams before and after desensitization design using three methods proposed by Leticia Carrión-Higueras. (a) WFE of lens group before and after desensitization design. (b) MTF of system before and after desensitization design[1]
图 21非球面微型相机镜头降敏设计对比：（a）全局搜索法；（b）全差分波前误差优化法；（c）降低光学入射角；（d）降低倾斜致彗差；（e）多重结构法；（f）降低偏心所致差分波前误差[37]
Figure 21.Comparison using different desensitization design methods for aspheric miniature camera lenses. (a) Global search method. (b) Full differential wavefront error integrated optimization. (c) Reduction of ray angle of incidence. (d) Reduction of tilt-induced axial coma. (e) Zoomed configurations. (f) Reduction of decenter-induced differential wavefront error[37]
图 29降敏设计前（a）、后（b）光学系统布局图
Figure 29.Layout of optical system before (a) and after (b) desensitization design[6]
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