Review of physical implementation architecture in compressive spectral imaging system
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摘要:
不同于传统点对点映射成像方式,计算光学成像通过将前端光学信号的物理调控与后端数字信号的计算处理联合起来,使图像信息获取更加高效。这种新型成像体制有望缓解传统成像技术框架下低制造成本与高性能指标间的矛盾,尤其在高维图像信息获取中呈现更显著优势。而物理器件支撑下的系统架构一直是计算光学成像发展的基石,本文针对压缩光谱成像这一子技术领域,介绍了现有可实现空间或光谱调制的光学器件,并以此为基础对多型压缩光谱成像系统架构进行了梳理、归纳,依据信息调制过程的差异,将其规整为单像素光谱成像、编码孔径光谱成像、空间-光谱双重编码光谱成像、微阵列型光谱成像与散射介质光谱成像等几类。重点阐述了多种系统架构的信息调制与采集原理,以及对光谱图像数据立方体的调制效应,并讨论了其中的共性问题。最后给出了面临的技术挑战,探讨了未来发展趋势。
Abstract:Different from the traditional point-to-point mapping imaging method, computational optical imaging combines the physical regulation of the front-end optical signal with the processing of the back-end digital signal to make the image information acquisition more efficient. This new imaging mechanism is expected to alleviate the contradiction between low manufacturing cost and high performance indicators under the framework of traditional imaging technology, especially in the acquisition of high-dimensional image information. Since the system architecture supported by physical devices is the cornerstone of computational optical imaging, aiming at the sub-technical field of compressive spectral imaging, in this paper, we introduce the existing optical devices that can realize spatial or spectral modulation. Based on this, the architecture of multi-type compressive spectral imaging system is sorted out and summarized, which can be categorized as single-pixel spectral imaging, coded aperture spectral imaging, spatial-spectral dual-coded spectral imaging, microarray spectral imaging and scattering medium spectral imaging, based on the information modulation process. We focus on the information modulation and acquisition principles of various system architectures and their modulation effects on the spatial-spectral data cube, and then analyze and explore the common issues. Finally, the technical challenges faced are given, and the future development trend is discussed.
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图 2单像素光谱成像系统架构及相应的空间-光谱数据立方体调制过程:(a) 基于光谱仪的单像素光谱成像仪;(b) 空间-光谱调制单像素光谱成像仪;(c) 光谱分离单像素光谱成像仪;(d) 空间-光谱调制光谱成像仪
Figure 2.Single pixel spectral imaging system architecture and its corresponding spatial-spectral data cube modulation diagram. (a) Spectrometer-based single pixel spectral imager; (b) spatial-spectral modulation single-pixel spectral imager; (c) spectral unmixing single pixel spectral imager; (d) spatial-spectral modulation spectral imager
图 10微阵列型光谱成像架构:(a) 左上为紧凑型超光谱成像仪,左中为陷波滤波器阵列光谱成像仪,左下为基于FPRA阵列的光谱成像仪;(b) 像素级FPRA阵列光谱成像仪
Figure 10.Architecture of microarray spectral imaging. (a) Top left is the MUSI,middle left is the notch filter array spectral imager, bottom left is FPRA-based spectral imager;(b) pixel-level FPRA-based spectral imager
表 1各系统型式特征总结
Table 1.Summary of the characteristics of each system type
系统型式类别 系统名称 调制方式 物理器件 对应图表 单像素光谱成像 基于光谱仪的单像素光谱成像仪[6-11] 空间调制,光谱分离 DMD,色散元件 图2(a) 空间-光谱调制单像素光谱成像仪[12] 空间调制,光谱调制 DMD,衍射光栅,正弦调制转轮 图2(b) 光谱分离单像素光谱成像仪[13-14] 光谱分离,空间调制 光谱分离器,SLM 图2(c) 空间-光谱调制光谱成像仪[15] 空间调制,光谱调制 SLM+色散棱镜+DMD+柱状透镜 图2(d) 编码孔径光谱成像(基本型式) SD-CASSI[16-18] 空间调制,光谱剪切 光刻掩模板+色散棱镜 图3(a) DD-CASSI[19] 光谱剪切,空间调制,光谱逆剪切 色散棱镜+光刻掩模板+色散棱镜 图3(b) 编码孔径光谱成像(CCA型式) C-CASSI[23-30] 空间-光谱调制,光谱剪切 光谱滤波阵列+色散棱镜 图4(a) CSPSI[31-34] 光谱剪切,空间-光谱调制 色散棱镜+光谱滤波阵列 图4(b) DM-based CSPSI[36] 空间复用,空间-光谱调制 DM+光谱滤波阵列 图4(c) 编码孔径光谱成像(光谱分割型式) LCTF光谱分割型[37-38] 光谱分离,空间调制 LCTF+DMD 图5左上 LeSTI[39] LED+DMD 图5左下 编码孔径光谱成像(编码可调整型式) CAASI[40-44] 空间调制(时变),光谱剪切 DMD(时变)/压电陶瓷,色散棱镜 / CSPSI[45] 光谱剪切(时变),空间-光谱调制 色散棱镜(旋转),光谱滤波阵列 图6 编码孔径光谱成像(多帧互补采集型式) Dual-camera CASSI[46,47] 通道1:空间调制,光谱剪切
通道2:空间-光谱调制(彩色相机)分束镜,光刻掩膜板,色散棱镜 图7(a) 0thand 1storder diffraction CASSI[48-50] 通道1(1st衍射光):空间调制,光谱剪切;
通道2 (0th衍射光):无调制
(全色相机)DMD,衍射光栅 图7(b) 编码孔径光谱成像(多帧阵列采集型式) 图像倍增CASSI[52] 空间复制,空间调制,光谱剪切 图像倍增器,光刻掩模板,
色散棱镜图8(a) 透镜阵列CASSI[53] 空间复制,光谱剪切,空间调制,
光谱逆剪切透镜阵列,色散棱镜,光刻掩模板,色散棱镜 图8(b) 空间-光谱双重编码光谱成像 DCSI[55-57] 空间调制+光谱调制 DMD+衍射光栅+LCoS 图9(a) SSCSI[58-61] 空间光谱混合调制 衍射光栅+光刻掩模板 图9(b) 微阵列型光谱成像 MUSI[62-64] 光谱调制(时间延展) LCC 图10(a)左上 陷波滤波器阵列光谱成像仪[65] 空间复制,光谱调制 陷波滤波器阵列,透镜阵列 图10(a)左中 FPRA阵列光谱成像仪[66] 空间复制,光谱调制 FPRA,透镜阵列 图10(a)左下 像素级FPRA阵列光谱成像仪[66] 空间-光谱调制(像素级) FPRA 图10(b) 散射介质光谱成像 散射介质光谱成像仪[67-72] 空间-光谱复用调制 散射介质/DFA 图11 -
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