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大口径光学望远镜拼接镜面关键技术综述

霍银龙,杨飞,王富国

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霍银龙, 杨飞, 王富国. 大口径光学望远镜拼接镜面关键技术综述[J]. , 2022, 15(5): 973-982. doi: 10.37188/CO.2022-0109
引用本文: 霍银龙, 杨飞, 王富国. 大口径光学望远镜拼接镜面关键技术综述[J]. , 2022, 15(5): 973-982.doi:10.37188/CO.2022-0109
HUO Yin-long, YANG Fei, WANG Fu-guo. Overview of key technologies for segmented mirrors of large-aperture optical telescopes[J]. Chinese Optics, 2022, 15(5): 973-982. doi: 10.37188/CO.2022-0109
Citation: HUO Yin-long, YANG Fei, WANG Fu-guo. Overview of key technologies for segmented mirrors of large-aperture optical telescopes[J].Chinese Optics, 2022, 15(5): 973-982.doi:10.37188/CO.2022-0109

大口径光学望远镜拼接镜面关键技术综述

doi:10.37188/CO.2022-0109
基金项目:吉林省科技发展计划国际科技合作项目(No. 20210402065GH);中国科学院青年创新促进会优秀会员(No. Y202053);中国科学院国际伙伴计划(No. 181722KYSB20200001);国家自然科学基金(No. 11973040)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    霍银龙(1997—),男,河北石家庄人,博士研究生,2019年6月于华北理工大学获得学士学位,2019年至今,就读于中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所,主要从事大口径光学望远镜拼接镜面关键技术方面的研究。E-mail:huoylmail@163.com

    杨 飞(1982—) ,男,湖北天门人,博士,研究员,博士生导师,2003年于哈尔滨工业大学获得工学学士学位,2009年于中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所获得硕士学位,2017年于长春理工大学获得工学博士学位,主要从事大口径光学工程技术的光机系统研究。E-mail:yangflying@163.com

    王富国(1979—),男,山东单县人,博士,研究员,2003年于山东科技大学获得工学学士学位,2009年于中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所获得工学博士学位,主要研究方向为大型望远镜光机系统设计与仿真。E-mail:wfg109@163.com

  • 中图分类号:TH751

Overview of key technologies for segmented mirrors of large-aperture optical telescopes

Funds:Supported by the Jilin Science and Technology Development Program (No. 20210402065GH); Excellent Member of Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (No. Y202053); International Partnership Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. 181722KYSB20200001); National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (No. 11973040)
More Information
  • 摘要:

    随着天文探测的不断发展,望远镜的口径越来越大,拼接镜面技术为大口径望远镜主镜的设计提供了一种比单镜面形式更简单可行的替代方案,现已成为大口径望远镜主镜设计的重要途径。本文以詹姆斯·韦伯空间望远镜(JWST)和三十米望远镜(TMT)等典型拼接式望远镜的主镜设计为参考,总结了当前拼接镜面技术的发展现状;并阐述了在大规模子镜背景下,不同子镜拼接方案的性能差异,以及镜面支撑技术和共相检测技术的未来发展趋势,希望可以为我国下一代极大口径光学望远镜的自主研制提供参考。

  • 图 1拼接子镜形状示意图

    Figure 1.Schematic diagram of segmented sub-mirror shape

    图 2子镜尺寸对光学系统MTF的影响[4]

    Figure 2.Effect of sprite size on the MTF of optical systems[4]

    图 3JWST的三维模型和主镜[12]

    Figure 3.3D model of the JWST and its primary mirror[12]

    图 4JWST拼接主镜方案[12]

    Figure 4.The segmented primary mirror scheme of the JWST[12]

    图 5TMT主镜和子镜形状[23]

    Figure 5.Primary mirror and sub-mirror of TMT[23]

    图 6TMT支撑系统示意图[23]

    Figure 6.Schematic diagram of the TMT support system[23]

    图 7平移误差以及倾斜误差示意图

    Figure 7.Schematic diagram of the piston and tip/tilt error

    图 8Piston 误差的 2π 模糊性[23]

    Figure 8.2π ambiguity of the piston error[23]

    表 1不同子镜形状差异

    Table 1.Comparison of different sub-mirror shapes

    子镜形状 拼接间隙 对称性 子镜种类 制造难度
    六边形 较小 六重 较大
    扇形 一般 较少
    圆形
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 2大型拼接镜面望远镜基本参数

    Table 2.Basic parameters of large segmented mirror telescopes



    时间
    选址 名称 主镜 拼接子镜
    等效口径/m 材料 形状 数量 尺寸/m
    1993 American Keck Ⅰ 10 Zerodur Hexagon 36 1.8
    1996 American Keck Ⅱ 10 Zerodur Hexagon 36 1.8
    1997 American HET 9.2 Zerodur Hexagon 91 1.15
    2005 South Africa SALT 9.5 Glass-ceramic Hexagon 91 1.16
    2008 Spain GTC 10.4 Glass-ceramic Hexagon 36 1.9
    2008 China LAMOST 4 Zerodur Hexagon 61 1.1
    2019 Japan Seimei 3.8 Zerodur Petals 18 1.2
    2021 American JWST 6.5 Be Hexagon 18 1.5
    American GMT 21 E6 Circular 7 8.4
    American TMT 30 Zerodur Hexagon 492 1.44
    Europe E-ELT 39.3 Zerodur Hexagon 798 1.4
    China LOT 12 Zerodur Hexagon 84 1.44
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 3大型拼接望远镜支撑结构

    Table 3.Large segmented mirror telescope support structures

    Keck HET SALT GTC LAMOST TMT E-ELT
    支撑点数 36-pt 9-pt 9-pt 36-pt 18-pt 27-pt 27-pt
    轴向支撑 Whiffletree Whiffletree Whiffletree Whiffletree Whiffletree Whiffletree Whiffletree
    径向支撑 中心膜片 中心膜片 中心膜片 中心膜片 中心膜片 中心膜片 中心膜片
    Warping Harness 手动 自动 自动 自动
    促动方式 直接促动 直接促动 移动架 直接促动 直接促动 移动架 移动架
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 4共相检测技术的性能对比

    Table 4.Performance comparison of co-phasing detection technologies

    技术分类 Piston
    检测
    Tip/Tlit
    检测
    光瞳
    对准
    粗/精
    共相

    模糊
    量程
    λ
    非共光
    路误差
    像平面 PD Y Y N Y ±λ/2 N
    PR Y Y N Y ±λ/2 N
    光瞳面 SHAPS Y Y Y 粗/精 Y ±λ/2 Y
    PY Y Y Y Y ±λ/4 Y
    ZELDA Y Y N 粗/精 Y ±λ/2 Y
    DHS/DFS Y N Y 粗/精 N ±λ/2 Y
    PISTIL Y Y N Y 3λ Y
    中间面 DIPSI Y Y N 粗/精 Y ±λ/2 N
    CS Y Y N Y ±λ/8 N
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:2022-05-31
  • 修回日期:2022-06-22
  • 网络出版日期:2022-07-28

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