Influencing factors of angle measurement accuracy of an interferometer star tracker
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摘要:
为了提高传统星敏感器的姿态测量精度，可将干涉测角技术与传统星敏感器相结合，即在传统星敏感器质心定位技术的基础上，利用星像点的光强信息进一步进行细分，从而突破了质心定位的精度限制，形成具有大视场高精度的干涉星敏感器。本文对制约干涉星敏感器测角精度的因素进行深入研究，重点研究干涉条纹的分割误差对测角精度的影响机理。通过研究分析，得出以下结论：光锲阵列不等分误差不是影响干涉星敏感器测角精度的主要因素；莫尔条纹周期与光楔阵列整体通光尺寸不匹配误差小于1%时，可保证单因素测角误差小于0.01"；对于莫尔条纹取向与光楔阵列排布方向不正交误差，条纹旋转角度应当小于0.1°，可保证单因素测角误差小于0.01"。所以，应在实际加工与装调过程中抑制上述两个主要误差，从而使干涉星敏感器的实际测角精度接近高精度理论值。
Abstract:In order to improve the traditional attitude measurement accuracy of star sensors, interference angle measuring technology can be combined with a traditional star sensor. Based on the centroid positioning technology of traditional star sensors, the light intensity information of star image points is subdivided to break through the accuracy limitation of centroid positioning and obtain a highly precise interferometric star sensor with a large field of view. In this paper, the factors that restrict the angle measurement accuracy of interferometer sensors are deeply studied with particular interest given to the influence of interference fringe segmentation error on angle measurement accuracy. Through research and analysis, we conclude that the asymmetry error is not the main factor affecting the angle measurement accuracy of interferometric sensors. When the mismatch error between the Moire fringe period and the overall optical dimension of the optical wedge array is less than 1%, the single-factor angle measurement error is less than 0.01". For non-orthogonal error between Moire fringe orientation and an optical wedge’s array arrangement direction, the accuracy error of single-factor angle measurement is sure to be less than 0.01" when the fringe rotation angle is less than 0.1°. Therefore, the above two main errors should be suppressed in the production and assembly so that the measurement accuracy of the interferometer sensor is closer to the high-precision theoretical value.
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图 1 干涉星敏感器系统的基本结构
Figure 1. The basic structure of the interferometer start tacker system
图 2 单颗星在探测器平面上的光斑强度分布
Figure 2. The spot intensity distribution of a single star on the plane of the detector
图 3 实验测量误差随转台角度的变化
Figure 3. Experimental measurement error varying with turnable angle
图 8 水平条纹和倾斜条纹在不同位置竖直切面内的光强分布
Figure 8. The light intensity distributions of the horizontal and oblique fringes in the vertical section at different positions
图 11 莫尔条纹取向与光楔阵列排布方向不正交误差
Figure 11. Nonorthogonal error between the orientation of the Moire fringe and the orientation of the optical wedge array
图 12 莫尔条纹取向与光楔阵列排布方向不正交误差（细分）
Figure 12. Nonorthogonal error between the orientation of the Moire fringe and the orientation of the optical wedge array (subdivision)
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