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摘要:
光程吸收光谱技术是吸收光谱技术发展中的一个重要分支，近年来基于不同光源技术、吸收腔技术、探测方式的光程吸收光谱技术大量涌现。随着对探测灵敏度和吸收光程长度需求的提高，出现了基于增强吸收原理的光程吸收光谱技术，包括：积分腔光谱（ICOS）、腔增强吸收光谱（CEAS）和腔衰荡光谱（CRDS）。增强吸收光谱技术具有高光谱分辨率、高灵敏度、快速响应、便携等优势，但至今缺乏统一的概念和明确的分类依据。本文梳理了吸收光谱技术的发展历程，明确了多光程吸收光谱技术的概念。依据吸收腔内是否发生谐振吸收，提出了基于谐振原理的吸收光谱技术这一概念，分析总结了谐振吸收光谱技术的研究现状，并对这些技术在各领域的应用进行概述。最后，对谐振吸收光谱技术中关键技术的未来发展进行了展望。
Abstract:Optical path absorption spectroscopy is an important branch of absorption spectroscopy. In recent years, there has been a proliferation of optical path absorption spectroscopy techniques based on different light source technologies, absorption cavity technologies, and detection methods. As the demands on detection sensitivity and absorption optical path length increased, optical path absorption spectroscopy techniques based on the principle of enhanced absorption emerged, including integrated cavity spectroscopy (ICOS), cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (CEAS) and cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS). Enhanced absorption spectroscopy is advantageous for its high spectral resolution, high sensitivity, fast response time, and portability, but it presently lacks a unified concept and clear classification criteria. This paper compares the development history of absorption spectroscopy techniques and clarifies the concept of their multi-optical path. Based on whether resonant absorption occurs in the absorption cavity, the concept of absorption spectroscopy techniques based on resonance is proposed, and the current research status of resonant absorption spectroscopy techniques is analyzed and summarized, and the applications of this technique in various fields are outlined. Finally, the future development of key technologies in resonance absorption spectroscopy is envisioned.
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图 1 转化吸收光谱技术原理图。（a） 诱导荧光技术；（b）共振增强多光子电离技术；（c）光声光谱技术
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of conversion absorption spectroscopy technology. (a) Laser induced fluorescence-(LIF); (b) resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization-(REMPI); (c) photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS)
图 2 光程吸收光谱技术与转化吸收光谱技术的分类图
Figure 2. Classification of optical path absorption spectroscopy and conversion absorption spectroscopy
图 3 不同光程吸收光谱技术的吸收光程长度。非分散红外（NDIR）、差分吸收光谱（DOAS）、可调谐半导体 吸收光谱（TDLAS）、积分腔光谱(ICOS )、离轴积分腔输出光谱（OA-ICOS）、宽带腔增强吸收光谱（BB-CEAS）、离轴腔增强吸收光谱（OF-CEAS）、腔衰荡光谱（CRDS）
Figure 3. Absorption optical paths length in different optical path absorption spectroscopy technologies: non-dispersive (NDIR), differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS), tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS), integrated cavity output spectroscopy (ICOS), off-axis ICOS (OA-ICOS), broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (BB-CEAS), optical feedback CEAS (OF-CEAS), and cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS)
图 5 (a)主动(b)被动差分吸收光谱技术示意图
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of (a) active and (b) passive differential optical absorption spectroscopy
图 8 宽谱腔增强吸收光谱技术装置示意图
Figure 8. Schematic diagram of the broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy device
图 10 光反馈腔增强吸收光谱技术原理图
Figure 10. Schematic diagram of optical feedback cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy
图 11 衰荡光谱技术的测量原理图
Figure 11. Schematic diagram of measurement principle of the decay absorption spectroscopy technique
图 12 （a）三角腔横模匹配示意图；（b）纵模匹配示意图
Figure 12. (a) Schematic diagram of triangular cavity transverse mode matching; (b) schematic diagram of longitudinal mode matching
图 13 线性腔腔衰荡光谱技术的测量原理图
Figure 13. Measurement diagram of linear cavity ring-down spectroscopy
图 14 环形腔衰荡光谱技术测量原理图。（a）三角腔；（b）蝶形腔
Figure 14. Measurement diagrams of cavity ring-down spectroscopy with (a) triangular cavity and (b) butterfly cavity
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