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摘要:
长波红外变焦光学系统相对于中波红外变焦光学系统存在可用材料少、系统高低温环境无热化难度大等难题。本文采用机械补偿变焦技术实现光学多视场变焦，利用主动补偿的消热差技术使系统在−40 °C~+65 °C温度范围内能够清晰成像，实现四片透镜架构的制冷型长波红外四视场光学系统设计。该光学系统四视场焦距分别为25 mm、109 mm、275 mm、400 mm，变倍比为15，光学系统包络尺寸为268 mm（长）×200 mm（宽），光学零件总质量为618 g。该光学系统具有质量轻、性能高、成本低等SWaP-C特征，在辅助导航、搜索、跟踪等安防领域中具有较大应用潜力。
Abstract:Compared with the medium-wave Infrared (MWIR) zoom optical system, the long-wave infrared (LWIR) zoom optical system has fewer available materials and is difficult to athermalize in high and low temperature environments. In this paper, the multi-field zoom optical system is realized by using mechanical compensation zoom technology, and the active compensation athermalization technology is used to make the system image clear in the temperature range of −40 °C—+65 °C, to realize the design of the four-field LWIR optical system with four lenses. The focal lengths of the four fields of view are 25 mm, 109 mm, 275 mm and 400 mm, the zoom ratio is 15, the envelope size of the optical system is 280 mm (L)×200 mm (W), and the total weight of the optical components is 618 g. The optical system has SWaP-C characteristics such as light weight, high performance, and low cost, and will be widely used in security fields such as auxiliary navigation, search, and tracking.
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Key words:
- cooled long-wave infrared /
- zoom optic system /
- mechanical compensation /
- athermalization
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图 8 光学系统在4个焦距下的畸变情况
Figure 8. Distortion diagrams of optical system at four focal lengths
图 11 二元衍射面相位与元件直径的关系
Figure 11. The Relationship between phase and diameter of the binary optical element
图 12 大视场状态下探测器焦平面上的冷反射信噪比
Figure 12. Signal-to-noise ratio of cold reflection on the detector’s focal plane in WFOV
表 1 光学系统的技术指标
Table 1. Parameters of optical system
Index Value Spectral range/μm 7.7~9.5 Horizontal field of view/(°) 21.0、5.0、2.0、1.38 Focal length /mm 25、109、275、400 F# 3 Zoom ratio 15.0∶1 Working temperature −40℃~65℃ 
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表 2 光学系统初始参数取值
Table 2. Initial parameters of optical system
Initial parameter value Initial parameter value ZR 15 $ \beta _3' $ −1.34 $ f_2' $ −1 $ \beta _4' $ 1 $ f_3' $ 1.62 $ {d}_{12} $ 0.55 $ \beta _2' $ −1.45 $ {d_{34}} $ 0.55
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表 3 前端变焦系统初始间隔
Table 3. Initial spacing parameters of front end zoom optical system
参数 数值 系统焦距（mm） 400 275 109 25 d12(mm) 133.2 126.8 105.3 23.6 d23(mm) 16.3 36.1 82.2 192.1 d34(mm) 89.8 76.4 51.8 23.6
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表 4 公差最严重项目
Table 4. Maximum tolerance items
公差操作项 表面 设置值（mm） RMS改变值(mm) TSDX 5 ±0.005 0.00315 TSDY 5 ±0.005 0.00315 TSDX 6 ±0.005 0.00315 TSDY 6 ±0.005 0.00315 TIRR 2 ±0.5 0.00089
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