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摘要:连续监测血糖浓度是控制糖尿病及其并发症的前提，无创伤性血糖浓度检测方法备受关注。近几十年来，随着测量精度的不断提高，基于光学的无创伤性血糖浓度检测方法呈现出巨大发展潜力，有望在未来实现临床应用。本文详细介绍了偏振光旋光法、光学相干断层成像法、红外光谱法等主流光学无创血糖检测方法，重点对其基本原理、测量优势、测量精度、存在问题与可能解决方法等进行了综述和分析，对比发现红外光谱法在测量精度方面具有明显优势。最后指出未来还需从提高仪器信噪比、消除背景干扰以及建立更加普适的校正模型等方面展开研究。Abstract:Continuous monitoring of blood glucose levels is a prerequisite for controlling diabetes and its complications. Noninvasive methods have attracted great attention for their lack of injury and widespread acceptance. With the improvement of measurement accuracy in recent decades, optics-based methods of noninvasive blood glucose detection have shown great potential in clinical applications. In this paper, the main optics-based methods of noninvasive blood glucose detection, such as polarimetry, optical coherence tomography and infrared spectroscopy, are reviewed with regards to their principles, advantages, accuracy, problems and the possible solutions to those problems. By comparison, it concludes that the method of infrared spectroscopy has obvious advantages in detection accuracy. In the future, major challenges will be in increasing the signal-to-noise ratio of instruments, eliminating background interference and establishing universal calibration models.
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表 1光学无创血糖浓度检测的精度
Table 1.The accuracies of optical methods for noninvasive blood glucose detection
SEP:mg/dL Optical methods Glucosesolution Bloodserum Blood plasma Livingrabbit/pig Humansubject Polarimetry Stationary：4.30[35] 20.63(SD)[32] — 11.66(MARD)[30] — Moving：13.50[35] OCT — — — 17.00[10]Note1 8.21(RMSE)[38] NIR spectroscopy 8.10[48] 9.00[47] 20.38[49] — 10.00(RMSE)[78] Mid-IR spectroscopy 3.50(RMSE)[17] 7.38(SD)[79] 17.10[80] — 9.60[81] Raman spectroscopy 20.71(SD)[18] — — — 7.80%±1.80%[19]Note2 Photoacoustic spectroscopy 12.14(RMSE)[82] — — — 10.97(RMSE)[83] Note 1:Minimum prediction uncertainty is 17.00 mg/dL; Note 2:MAE of blood glucose is 7.8%±1.8%. 
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