Abstract:High resolution visible earth observation on the Geostationary Earth Orbit（GEO） has a series of unique advantages over that in the other orbits. However, long range and highresolution visible observation requests a large primary mirror more than 20 m in the diameter. The traditional Space Telescope(ST) with such a large primany mirror can not be launched to GEO, for its total mass is more than 1 000 t. An unsupported membrane ST and a large diameter diffraction ST can significantly reduce mirror surface density and lower down the total mass of the ST, which offers an excellent technologic approach to earth observation. Moreover, both the launching by module and the assembly in an orbit provide the technological means to tranport these kinds of observation systems from ground to GEO. Fourier telescope based on the theory of transform imaging changes the acquirement for highresolution from increasing the receiving diameter into ncreasing the illumination interval, and from detecting the object image directly into receiving the echo energy and reconstructing Fourier components. It breaks through the fatal bottleneck of the long range and hign resolution observation. Recently, a near perfect lens has been developed to provide the possibility for breakthrough of diffraction limit, so that a new science field will be set up for superresolution observation. The perfect lens makes of negative refractive index materials(lefthanded materials) and the negative refractive index materials come from both of the photonic crystals and the photonic devices based on Surface Plasmon Polariton(SPP).