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摘要:为了实现高灵敏度、宽频响应的光纤型加速度传感器，以光纤 器作为加速度传感器的传感元件，建立了光纤 加速度传感系统，并对该系统的传感原理、灵敏度和谐振频率等性能进行了分析和实验。采用竖直式加速度传感器结构，结构中的传感组件主要由质量块和中空的细钢管组成，光纤 器受预应力作用后粘接在钢管内部，在加速度作用下，钢管产生的应变引起光纤 器的应变和折射率发生改变，导致光纤 器的出射波长随之发生改变，然后使用干涉解调技术检测出波长的动态变化，即可获得波长中包含的加速度振幅和频率信息。实验结果表明，在20~1 250 Hz频段内，竖直式光纤 加速度传感器的灵敏度约为-126.2 dB[参考值1 rad/（μm/s 2）]，频响曲线的波动幅度在±1.9 dB范围内，加速度响应动态范围为77.46~170.26 dB[500 Hz频点，参考值1 μm/（s 2·Hz 1/2）]，加速度分辨率优于0.01 m/s 2。Abstract:In order to realize a fiber accelerometer with high-sensitivity and wide band, the fiber laser is used as sensor element to establish a fiber laser acceleration sensing system. The sensing principle and performance parameters, such as sensitivity and resonance frequency, are elaborated and analyzed. If the fiber laser acceleration sensor is a vertical type, the structure consists mainly of an inertial mass and a steel hollow tube. The fiber laser is fixed in the steel tube after tensing, and the acceleration causes displacement of the sensor case relative to the inertial mass and the strain tube. So the acceleration will produce the distortion of the fiber laser and change the wavelength of the laser. Using the interferometric interrogation system, the amplitude and frequency information of the acceleration signal can be demodulated. The experimental results show that the phase sensitivity is -126.2 dB[reference value:1 rad/(μm/s 2)] and the fluctuation amplitude of the sensitivity during 20-1 250 Hz is ±1.9 dB. The dynamic range of the acceleration response at the 500 Hz frequency is 77.46-170.26 dB[reference value:1 μm/(s 2·Hz 1/2)]. The fiber laser accelerometer system can work with 0.01 m/s 2acceleration resolution during 20-1 250 Hz.
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图 7振动频率500 Hz时解调仪的输出信号
Figure 7.Output signal of interrogator when vibration frequency is 500 Hz
图 9光纤 加速度传感器的加速度灵敏度频响曲线
Figure 9.Acceleration sensitivity frequency response cur-ves of fiber laser acceleration sensor
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