Energy coupling characteristic of materials under thermal radiation produced by strong explosion
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摘要:为了获取强爆炸光辐射作用下材料的能量耦合特性，发展了强爆炸辐射源参数以及光辐射传输的物理模型和计算方法，计算给出了不同条件下目标位置处的光辐射谱特征。利用材料光谱反射率测量方法，结合光辐射耦合系数计算方法获取了几类材料的能量耦合系数。结果显示：金属、陶瓷材料的光辐射耦合系数相对较小，而碳纤维环氧复合材料的耦合系数可达0.92；采用实际光辐射能谱计算的耦合系数比近似6000 K黑体谱的结果要高，最大约14%。以铝材料为例，光辐射耦合系数随当量及爆心距离增加均表现出逐渐减小的趋势，但总体变化幅度不大。Abstract:To obtain the energy coupling characteristic of materials under strong explosive thermal radiation, a physical model for calculating radiation source parameters and atmospheric transmission is constructed, and the characteristics of the radiation spectrum at the target location under different conditions are obtained. The energy coupling coefficients of several kinds of materials are produced by spectral reflectance measurement and by calculating the average absorption coefficient of thermal radiation. The coupling coefficients of metal and ceramic materials are relatively small while it can be as high as 0.92 for carbon fiber epoxy composites. The coupling coefficient calculated from the actual thermal radiation spectrum is higher than that calculated from 6000 K blackbody radiation spectrum, and the maximum difference is about 14%. Taking aluminum material as an example, the coupling coefficient of thermal radiation decreases gradually with the increase of explosion yield and distance, but the overall variation is small.
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图 1当量10 kt下不同时刻火球半径及有效温度的计算结果
Figure 1.Calculated results of the fireball’s radius and effective temperature at different moments with 10 kt explosion yield
图 2光辐射可见、红外和紫外波段能量比例的实测结果与计算结果的对比
Figure 2.Comparison of measured and calculated energy ratios in visible, infrared and ultraviolet bands of thermal radiation
图 3不同当量下距爆心投影点1 km的归一化光辐射能谱
Figure 3.Normalized spectral distribution under different explosion yields at a range of 1 km from the center of burst projection point
图 420 kt下不同距离处光辐射归一化能谱
Figure 4.Normalized spectral distribution of thermal radiation at different distances when the explosion yield is 20 kt
图 5材料光谱反射率测量原理及示意图
Figure 5.Principle and schematic diagram of the spectral reflectivity measurement system for different materials
图 6几类材料在0.2~2.0 µm范围内的光谱反射率
Figure 6.Spectral reflectances of typical materials in the range of 0.2 ~ 2.0 µm
图 7铝材料光谱吸收率及光辐射能谱分布
Figure 7.Spectral absorptivity of aluminum material and its thermal spectrum distribution
图 8铝材料背表面温升实测结果与采用耦合系数分别为0.19和0.17的计算结果对比
Figure 8.Comparison of the measured temperature rise on the back surface of aluminum material with the calculated results under coupling coefficients of 0.19 and 0.17
图 9铝材料光辐射耦合系数与当量(a)及爆心距离(b)的关系
Figure 9.Relationship between the coupling coefficients of aluminum material and the explosion yield (a) and burst center distance (b)
表 1不同群内光子能量范围（21群）
Table 1.Photon energy in different groups (21)
g 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 pe(eV) 0.01−0.5 0.5−1.0 1.0−1.8 1.8−2.1 2.1−2.5 2.5−3.1 3.1−4.0 4.0−7.0 7.0−10 10−20 20−40 40−70 70−100 g 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 pe(eV) 100−200 200−400 400−1000 1000−2 000 2 000−5000 5000−10000 10000−20000 20000−80000 
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表 2不同当量下光辐射中心波长及其对应的等效黑体温度
Table 2.Central wavelength of thermal radiation under different explosion yields and their equivalent blackbody temperatures
当量/kt 20 100 2000 中心波长/µm 0.46 0.48 0.52 等效温度/K 6.3×103 6.0×103 5.6×103 下载:
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表 3采用实际光辐射和6000 K黑体辐射谱计算的耦合系数
Table 3.Coupling coefficients calculated from the actual thermal radiation spectrum and 6000 K black-body radiation spectrum
材料类型 光辐射耦合系数 实际光谱 6000 K黑体辐射 相差（%） 金属 Al 0.19 0.17 −10% Cu 0.28 0.25 −10% Ag 0.21 0.18 −14% 陶瓷 TiO2 0.25 0.23 −8% 复合材料 C/E 0.92 0.89 −3.3% 下载:
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表 4实际光辐射以及6000 K黑体在不同光谱区间的能量份额
Table 4.Energy proportion in different spectral intervals for actual thermal radiation and 6000 K blackbody
所占能量比例（%） <0.4 µm 0.4~0.76 µm >0.76 µm 光辐射 11 40 49 6000 K黑体辐射 14 43 43 下载:
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