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摘要:作为一种新型快速的物质成分分析技术, 诱导击穿光谱(Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, LIBS)已经在越来越多的工业领域中被证明具有巨大的应用潜力。然而,由于野外作业或工业现场检测环境嘈杂恶劣,对仪器设备的尺寸和抗恶劣环境的能力提出了更高的要求。近年来,新型 器的发展进一步促进了LIBS仪器化的进程,使得其逐渐从实验室迈向工业应用,同时也使得LIBS系统逐渐趋于仪器化、专业化、便携化。本文综述了便携式LIBS的发展历程,对各种 光源(小型Nd:YAG固体 器、二极管泵浦固体 器、微片 器、光纤 器以及光纤传能的方案)应用于便携式LIBS系统的最新研究进展进行了综述和分类讨论,探讨了当前便携式LIBS存在的基本问题,并对其未来发展趋势进行了展望。Abstract:As a new rapid element analysis technique, Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) has proven iteself to have great potential for applications in increasingly numerous industrial fields. However, due to harsh outdoor and industrial environments, newer and higher requirements are being demanded of the LIBS system, such as the size of its instruments and the ability to resist a harsh environment. The rapid development of new laser technology promotes instrumentation for LIBS, allowing it to gradually step outside the laboratory and into the industry, and allows the LIBS system to gradually move towards instrumentation, miniaturization and portability.In this paper, the development of a portable LIBS that was developed in recent years was reviewed. The application and latest research progress of different kinds of laser source (small lamp pumped solid-state laser, diode pump solid-state laser and micro laser, fiber laser) applied to the portable LIBS system were summarized and discussed, providing insight into both the fiber optic LIBS (FO-LIBS) and the handheld LIBS. In addition, the basic problems of current portable LIBS and the prospects of its future were proposed and discussed.
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Key words:
- laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy/
- portable/
- laser/
- element detection
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图 3Laserna等人研发的两种便携式LIBS设备:(a)箱式(Nd: YAG, 1064 nm, 50 mJ/pulse, 6.5 ns)[26], (b)背包式 (Nd: YAG, 1064 nm, 50 mJ/pulse, 10 ns)[27]
Figure 3.Two types of portable LIBS equipment developed by Lasernaet al. : (a) a box type (Nd: YAG, 1064 nm, 50 mJ/pulse, 6.5 ns)[26], (b) a backpack type (Nd: YAG, 1064 nm, 50 mJ/pulse, 10 ns)[27]
表 1基于DPSS 器、光纤 器和光纤传能的便携式LIBS的比较
Table 1.The comparison of several kinds of LIBS systems based on a DPSS laser, a fiber laser and FO-LIBS
器 优点 缺点 分析性能 适用领域 DPSS 器 工作寿命长、功耗低、
自然冷却、小巧便携能量较低、谱线波动性较大 生铁中Mn、V、Ti和Cr元素的LOD分别为171 μg/g、128 μg/g、99 μg/g和
59 μg/g,R2分别为0.994、0.996、
0.994和0.991[2]手持式野外测量、电池
供电、原位测量光纤 器 抗恶劣环境、体积小、
价格便宜连续背景干扰、烧蚀坑深,
破坏性较大铝基中Mg的LOD为1.1 μg/g,R2=0.994;黄铜中Ni的LOD为21.3 ug/g,R2=0.997[52];生铁中的Mn、V,Si的LOD分别为195 μg/g、48 μg/g和110 μg/g,R2分别为0.997、0.991和0.992[54] 工厂、矿山等恶劣工作
环境,在线测量光纤传能 避免复杂光路系统和外界
干扰、降低自吸收效应能量低,LOD较差 生铁中Mn和Ti元素LOD分别为1219 μg/g, 257 μg/g,R2分别为0.997, 0.998[61] 在线、原位测量,
移动式测量表 2几种手持式LIBS的参数比较
Table 2.Parameters of several handheld LIBS
型号 研发单位 光源 体积、重量 参数及性能 LEA Handheld LIBS[62] 芬兰Lasersec Systems公司 DPSS 器 22.6 cm×9 cm×29 cm,
1.75 kg平均功率0.5 W,光谱范围220~400 nm,续航2 h,LOD可达到μg/g级,可用于爆炸物、金属、食品与药品分类。 MPulse[63] 英国牛津公司 准连续固体调Q 器 9 cm×23 cm×21 cm,
1.8 kg频率4 kHz,峰值功率小于0.5 W,电池支持250次测试,可用于合金鉴别与金属分拣。 高能手持式LIBS[65] 四川大学 被动调Q的Nd: YAG
器33 cm×11 cm×32 cm,
2.95 kg单脉冲能量达100 mJ,光谱范围220~397 nm,可元素定量测定,岩屑岩性识别等。 KT-100S[64] 美国Rigaku公司 波长1064 nm的3B级
器24.3 cm×8.4 cm×25.7 cm,
1.5 kg光谱范围200~480 nm,分辨率小于0.2 nm,电池供电10 h,可用于样品分类。 ChemLite[66] 美国TSI公司 波长1574 nm的人眼安全 器 30.5 cm×25.4 cm×10.2 cm,
2.4 kg1574 nm人眼安全波长,光谱范围200~700 nm,一次充电支持1300次检测,探测范围低至0.01%。 μ-LIBS[67] 必达泰克公司 DPSS 器 27.9 cm×8.9 cm×27.9 cm,
1.8 kg最大输出功率200 mW,脉宽小于1 ns,脉冲频率2 kHz,波长范围185~680 nm,分辨率0.4 nm。 z-200c+手持式LIBS
分析仪[68]SciAps公司 波长1064 nm的Nd: YAG 器 21 cm×30 cm×12 cm,
1.82 kg脉宽1~2 ns,单脉冲能量5.5 mJ,重复频率50 Hz,光谱范围190~620 nm,用于原位分析钢中C含量。 -
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