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尹云飞, 刘兆武, 吉日嘎兰图, 于宏柱, 王玮, 李晓天, 鲍赫, 李文昊, 郝群. 二维光栅位移测量技术综述[J]. , 2020, 13(6): 1224-1238. doi: 10.37188/CO.2020-0237
引用本文: 尹云飞, 刘兆武, 吉日嘎兰图, 于宏柱, 王玮, 李晓天, 鲍赫, 李文昊, 郝群. 二维光栅位移测量技术综述[J]. , 2020, 13(6): 1224-1238.doi:10.37188/CO.2020-0237
YIN Yun-Fei, LIU Zhao-Wu, JIRIGALANTU, YU Hong-Zhu, WANG Wei, LI Xiao-Tian, BAO He, LI Wen-Hao, HAO Qun. Overview of 2D grating displacement measurement technology[J]. Chinese Optics, 2020, 13(6): 1224-1238. doi: 10.37188/CO.2020-0237
Citation: YIN Yun-Fei, LIU Zhao-Wu, JIRIGALANTU, YU Hong-Zhu, WANG Wei, LI Xiao-Tian, BAO He, LI Wen-Hao, HAO Qun. Overview of 2D grating displacement measurement technology[J].Chinese Optics, 2020, 13(6): 1224-1238.doi:10.37188/CO.2020-0237

二维光栅位移测量技术综述

doi:10.37188/CO.2020-0237
基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(No. 2016YFB0500100),吉林省科技发展计划(No. 20190201021JC,No. 20190103158JH,No. 20190103157JH,No. 20190302047GX),广东省重点领域研发计划项目(No. 2019B010144001),国家自然科学基金(No. 61975255),民用航天预研项目(No. D040101)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    尹云飞(1995—),男,山西临汾人,博士研究生,2018年于中北大学获得学士学位,主要从事二维光栅位移测量等方面研究。E-mail:1920924393@qq.com

    刘兆武(1987—),男,黑龙江齐齐哈尔人,博士,副研究员,2006年于哈尔滨工业大学获得学士学位,2017年于中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所获博士学位,主要从事全息光栅研制和精密位移测量等方面研究。E-mail:zhaowuliu@ciomp.ac.cn

    李文昊(1980—),男,内蒙古赤峰人,博士,研究员,2002年于陕西科技大学获学士学位,2008年于中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所获博士学位,主要从事平面、凹面全息光栅的理论设计及制作工艺等方面的研究。E-mail:leewenho@163.com

    郝 群(1968—),女,博士,教授,1998年于清华大学获得工学博士学位,主要从事智能光电感测技术、精密光学测量及仪器等方面的研究。E-mail:qhao@bit.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号:TP394.1;TH691.9

Overview of 2D grating displacement measurement technology

Funds:Supported by the National Key R & D Plan (No. 2016YFB0500100); Jinlin Province Science and Technology Development Plan (No. 20190201021JC, No. 20190103158JH, No. 20190103157JH, No. 20190302047GX), R & D Projects in Key Areas of Guangdong Province (No. 2019B010144001), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61975255), Civil Aerospace Pre-research Project (No. D040101)
More Information
  • 摘要:超精密位移测量技术不仅是精密机械加工的基础,在以摩尔定律飞速发展的芯片制造行业中也起到决定性的作用。以光栅栅距为测量基准的光栅位移测量系统被广泛应用于多维测量系统,光栅位移测量系统与 位移测量系统相比,大大降低了对使用环境的湿度、温度和气压的要求。本文主要介绍了近年来国内外基于二维光栅的位移传感系统光学结构的发展现状,从零差式和外差式光栅干涉测量原理入手,综述了基于单块二维光栅的光学结构到多块二维光栅耦合设计的光学结构发展历程,对比分析了几种二维光栅位移测量系统的优缺点,并展望了二维光栅位移测量系统发展趋势,总结了二维光栅位移测量系统的工程化进程。

  • 图 1零差式光栅位移测量系统

    Figure 1.Homodyne grating displacement measuring system

    图 2一种外差式光栅位移测量系统

    Figure 2.A heterodyne grating displacement measuring system

    图 3正交衍射光栅工作原理图

    Figure 3.Working principle diagram of orthogonal diffraction grating

    图 4基于对角线的HGI的光学结构图

    Figure 4.Optical structure of HGI based on diagonal

    图 5空间分离式外差二维平面光栅位移测量光学结构

    Figure 5.Optical structure of displacement measurement for spatially heterodyn 2D planar grating

    图 6三维位移测量原理图

    Figure 6.Schematic diagram of 3D displacement measurement system

    图 7三维角度测量原理图

    Figure 7.3-D angle measurement principle diagram

    图 8(a)六维平面编码器样机及(b)传感器设计示意图

    Figure 8.(a) 6-D planar encoder prototype and (b) schematic diagram of sensor

    图 9Hsieh等人设计的(a)三维位移测量原理图及(b)六维测量原理图

    Figure 9.Principle diagrams of (a) 3D and (b) 6D displacement measurement proposed by Hsieh et al.

    图 10林杰等学者提出的位移测量结构图

    Figure 10.Structural diagram of displacement measurement system by Lin Jie et al

    表 1基于二维光栅位移测量系统性能对比表

    Table 1.Performance comparison of two-dimensional grating displacement measurement system

    光栅分类 研究单位/公司/
    研究者
    XY向分辨率/nm 光学传感器尺寸/
    测量范围
    系统稳定性 特点
    单二维光栅 华中科技大学王选择等学者 50 mm×50 mm 同时进行XY向测量,在空间位置上实现同向测量。
    国防科技大学林存宝等学者 分辨率优于0.125 nm;往返10 μm内,X向和Y向达2.35 nm和3.24 nm。 X向与Y向测量幅度可达:9.981 μm和9.978 μm。 在10分钟内的系统稳定性分别优于4 nm和6 nm。 同时实现高对比度和高信噪比;可获得八倍光学细分,未考虑因偏振分离性能引起的周期非线性误差的影响。
    哈尔滨工业大学谭久彬等学者 分辨率优于0.122 nm。 125 mm×125 mm:可对XY方向上30 μm的位移进行测量。 机械振动引起的实时测量误差不超过0.15 μm,且测量重复性优于±57 nm。 成本低,可实现两次衍射;可消除周期非线性误差;增强测头的角度容差,不过信噪比较低,受振动影响较大。
    双二维光栅 日本Gao.W等学者 X轴与Y轴分辨率均在1 nm以上。 光学传感器尺寸约为50 mm (X)×50 mm (Y)×30 mm (Z)。 XYZ方向上的峰谷振幅误差分别为±10 nm、±10 nm和±3 nm。 系统原理简单,分别可实现三维位移测量和三维角度测量,受自准直单元尺寸限制,未考虑非线性误差分量的影响。
    日本Li.X等学者 可分辨ΔX、ΔY、ΔZ方向上的2 nm步进运动;θXθY方向上的0.1角秒步进运动;θZ方向上0.3角秒步进运动。 传感器头的尺寸为95 mm(X) ×90 mm(Y) ×25 mm(Z)。 XYZ方向上,偏振间误差的峰谷振幅分别为±6 nm、±7 nm和±6 nm。 测量范围大,可实现六维测量,且对远程测量系统稳定性不佳。
    多二维光栅 中国台湾国立中央大学Hsieh等学者 两轴分辨率优于3 nm,实现六维测量,位移和角度测量分辨率分别为2 nm和0.05 μrad。 闭环配置驱动压电平台,可实现X,YZ方向上1 μm的移动距离。 在1小时内分辨率稳定性可达14 nm。 同时实现六维测量和长行程测量,测量精度高,且结构复杂,稳定性较差,测量范围小。
    哈尔滨工业大学林杰、陆振刚等学者 X向和Y向实现光学2细分,不进行电学细分下,检测分辨力为$2\sqrt 2 $ μm。 两方向运动范围均为100 μm,Z向的运动范围为20 mm。 稳定性较好 杂散光影响小
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  • 收稿日期:2019-12-09
  • 修回日期:2020-01-21
  • 网络出版日期:2020-11-10
  • 刊出日期:2020-12-01

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