Photonics generation of broadband millimeter wave noise signals with high excess noise ratios
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摘要:受电子器件工作频率及功率的限制，传统电子学方法产生的噪声源的超噪比通常小于20 dB，针对这一问题，本文提出了一种基于非相干光拍频产生高超噪比宽带毫米波噪声技术。首先，用两个光滤波器对宽带放大自发辐射光源进行滤波整形。将获得的两束频率不同的放大自发辐射光耦合进入光电探测器进行拍频，从而产生电噪声信号。理论分析发现，通过调节拍频光的光谱线型、线宽与功率，在当前的高速光电探测器响应水平下，可获得超过50 dB的高超噪比毫米波噪声源。在利用数值方法分析影响噪声源超噪比主要因素的基础上，通过实验方法产生了超噪比大于50 dB的毫米波噪声信号。如果采用更高速的光电探测器，这一技术可在毫米波乃至太赫兹波段构建大超噪比的噪声源。Abstract:The Excess Noise Ratio (ENR) of traditional noise sources is usually less than 20 dB due to the limitation of the working frequency and the power of electronic devices. To solve the problem, we propose a technology to generate a millimeter-wave noise source with a high ENR by two incoherent light beams beating. First, two optical filters are used to filter and shape the broadband amplified spontaneous emission light source. Then, the two obtained beams of amplified spontaneous radiation light with different frequencies are coupled to the photodetector for the beat frequency, which can generate electrical noise signals. A theoretical analysis predicts that a noise source with an ENR larger than 50 dB can be obtained by adjusting the optical spectral, linewidth and optical power of the two incoherent light beams filtered from an amplified spontaneous emission source under the current level of photodetector responsivity. A proof-of-concept experiment achieved a millimeter-wave noise source with an ENR higher than 50 dB. This method could also generate millimeter-wave and even terahertz-wave noise with a high ENR if a higher-speed photodetector was used.
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图 1ASE光拍频产生毫米波噪声原理图（ASE：放大自发辐射源；OC：光耦合器；EDFA：掺饵光纤放大器；PD：光电探测器）
Figure 1.Block diagram of the millimeter wave noise source generated by ASE light beating. (ASE: amplified spontaneous emission; OC: optical coupler; EDFA: erbium doped fiber amplifier; PD: photodetector)
图 2ASE噪声光拍频产生噪声超噪比与入射光功率P0的理论曲线（100 GHz处）
Figure 2.The excess noise ratio versus the ASE noise powerP0at 100 GHz
图 3100 GHz处的ENR与PD响应度
$ {\boldsymbol{R}}$ 的关系曲线（σ=0.1 nm，P0=10 dBm）Figure 3.The relationship between the excess noise ratio and the PD responsivity
$ {\boldsymbol{R}}$ at 100 GHz(σ=0.1 nm，P0=10 dBm)
图 4噪声源的ENR和3 dB带宽分别与两个高斯光噪声线宽σ的关系（@100 GHz，
${\boldsymbol{R}}$ = 0.35 A/W，P0=15 dBm）Figure 4.The variation of the excess noise ratio and the 3 dB bandwidth of the noise source with the linewidth of two Gaussian optical noises.（@100 GHz,
${\boldsymbol{R}}$ = 0.35 A/W,P0=15 dBm）
图 5（a）ASE噪声源被两光滤波器滤波整形后的两路光谱图；（b）滤波出的两束光被耦合后的光谱图
Figure 5.(a) Two channel spectra of the ASE noise source filtered and shaped by two optical filters; (b) the spectra of the filtered two beams after coupling
图 6不同中心频率下，实验与仿真分别产生的宽带毫米波噪声源的频谱图。(a) 25 GHz；(b) 35 GHz
Figure 6.Power spectra of the broadband millimeter-wave noise (RBW=1 MHz) at different center frequencies. (a) 25 GHz; (b) 35 GHz. Red: experiment; blue: simulation
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