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航天高分辨率对地光学遥感载荷研究进展

苏云,葛婧菁,王业超,王乐然,王钰,郑子熙,邵晓鹏

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苏云, 葛婧菁, 王业超, 王乐然, 王钰, 郑子熙, 邵晓鹏. 航天高分辨率对地光学遥感载荷研究进展[J]. , 2023, 16(2): 258-282. doi: 10.37188/CO.2022-0085
引用本文: 苏云, 葛婧菁, 王业超, 王乐然, 王钰, 郑子熙, 邵晓鹏. 航天高分辨率对地光学遥感载荷研究进展[J]. , 2023, 16(2): 258-282.doi:10.37188/CO.2022-0085
SU Yun, GE Jing-jing, WANG Ye-chao, WANG Le-ran, WANG Yu, ZHENG Zi-xi, SHAO Xiao-peng. Research progress on high-resolution imaging system for optical remote sensing in aerospace[J]. Chinese Optics, 2023, 16(2): 258-282. doi: 10.37188/CO.2022-0085
Citation: SU Yun, GE Jing-jing, WANG Ye-chao, WANG Le-ran, WANG Yu, ZHENG Zi-xi, SHAO Xiao-peng. Research progress on high-resolution imaging system for optical remote sensing in aerospace[J].Chinese Optics, 2023, 16(2): 258-282.doi:10.37188/CO.2022-0085

航天高分辨率对地光学遥感载荷研究进展

doi:10.37188/CO.2022-0085
基金项目:国家自然基金项目(No. 6217031112,No. 61976169,No. 11774164)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    苏 云(1982—),男,湖北当阳人,博士,研究员,2005年6月于北京理工大学获得学士学位,2008 年 6 月于中国空间技术研究院获得硕士学位,2018 年9月起在西安电子科技大学攻读博士学位,自2008年6月于北京空间机电研究所工作,主要从事先进光学系统设计、计算光学基础理论与方法研究。E-mail:suedul@163.com

    葛婧菁(1984—),女,黑龙江绥芬河人,博士,高级工程师,2011年6月于南开大学获得博士学位,2011年8月至今于北京空间机电研究院工作,主要从事光学遥感、计算光学等方面的研究。E-mail:m18210968826@163.com

    王业超(1993—),男,甘肃临夏人,硕士,工程师,2020年6月获得中国空间技术研究院硕士学位,主要从事计算成像模型及重建算法等方面的研究。E-mail:cast_wangyc_508@163.com

    王乐然(1996—),女,黑龙江齐齐哈尔人,硕士,助理工程师,2021年6月获得天津大学硕士学位,主要从事光学设计、图像处理等方面的研究。E-mail:wangler7@163.com

    王 钰(1994—),男,内蒙古通辽人,博士,工程师,2021年6月获得中国空间技术研究院博士学位,主要从事新体制光学成像、光学遥感图像处理与应用等方面的研究。E-mail:93031@163.com

    郑子熙(1997—),女,河北承德人,硕士,助理工程师,2020年12月获得爱丁堡大学硕士学位,主要从事计算光学、光电学等方面的研究。E-mail:807492091@qq.com

  • 中图分类号:V474.2

Research progress on high-resolution imaging system for optical remote sensing in aerospace

Funds:Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 6217031112, No. 61976169, No. 11774164)
More Information
  • 摘要:

    随着光学成像技术的不断发展和遥感应用需求的日益增长,跨尺度高分辨率光学技术在遥感领域得到广泛应用。为了获得更多的目标细节信息,国内外研究学者在不同技术方向开展了相关研究。本文对遥感成像技术进行了总结分类,介绍了具有代表性的航天高分辨率对地光学遥感载荷技术,重点关注单体结构主镜、可展开分块拼接主镜、光学干涉主镜、光栅衍射主镜、虚拟合成孔径、光子型综合孔径成像、计算超分辨成像、编队合成孔径等成像模式,为高分辨率对地光学遥感载荷发展提供新的发展思路。

  • 图 11 m以内高分辨率光学遥感卫星

    Figure 1.High-resolution optical remote sensing satellites with 1 m resolution

    图 2高分辨率光学遥感卫星技术发展情况

    Figure 2.Technical changes of high resolution optical remote sensing satellite

    图 3地球静止轨道空间监视系统

    Figure 3.GEO-oculus surveillance system

    图 4高分四号遥感卫星[39]

    Figure 4.GF-4 remote sensing satellite[39]

    图 54 m碳化硅非球面反射镜[41]

    Figure 5.4 m SiC aspherical mirror[41]

    图 6MOIRE概念图[48]

    Figure 6.MOIRE concept map[48]

    图 7MOIRE项目制备得到的具有衍图案的光学元器件[49]

    Figure 7.Optical components with diffraction pattern prepared by MOIRE project[49]

    图 8MOIRE系统已研制的1/8地面样机[50]

    Figure 8.1/8 ground prototype developed by MOIRE system[50]

    图 9MOIRE项目研制的空间环境试验样机[51]

    Figure 9.Space environment test prototype developed by MOIRE project[51]

    图 10GISMO卫星编队原理示意图[55]

    Figure 10.Schematic diagram of GISMO satellite formation principle[55]

    图 11ESA-EUSO概念示意图

    Figure 11.ESA-EUSO concept diagram

    图 12JEM-EUSO望远镜结构示意图[56]

    Figure 12.Structural diagram of JEM-EUSO telescope[56]

    图 13“猎鹰卫星-7”微卫星搭载的“光子筛”成像系统示意图[63]

    Figure 13.Schematic diagram of “photon screen” imaging system carried by “falcon-7” microsatellite[63]

    图 14衍射成像空间望远镜[64]

    Figure 14.Diffraction imaging space telescope[64]

    图 155 m口径衍射望远镜主镜[69]

    Figure 15.Primary mirror of 5 m aperture diffraction telescope[69]

    图 16NRO 研发的 SMT 望远镜(左)和 SMT 望远镜光路设计(右)[79]

    Figure 16.Optical path design of SMT telescope (right) and SMT telescope (left) developed by NRO[79]

    图 17“詹姆斯·韦伯空间望远镜”主镜的在轨展开过程[80]

    Figure 17.On orbit deployment of the primary mirror of the James Webb Space Telescope[80]

    图 18詹姆斯·韦伯可展开分块望远镜

    Figure 18.James Webb unfold block telescope

    图 19地球静止轨道2 m分辨率光学相机

    Figure 19.Optical camera in GEO with 2 m resolution

    图 20LUVOIR-A/LUVOIR-B模拟图

    Figure 20.LUVOIR-A/LUVOIR-B models

    图 21在轨组装典型范例

    Figure 21.Typical on-orbit assembly projects

    图 22斐索-干涉合成孔径成像系统阵列

    Figure 22.Configuration of Fizeau interferometric synthetic aperture imaging system

    图 23Star-9系统[99]

    Figure 23.Star-9 system[99]

    图 24美国TPF-I空间干涉仪示意图

    Figure 24.Space interferometer TPF-I from the U.S.

    图 25TPF-I集光望远镜示意图

    Figure 25.Schematic diagram of collecting telescope TPF-I

    图 26TPF-I光束合成望远镜示意图

    Figure 26.Schematic diagram of beam synthesis telescope TPF-I

    图 27GOLAY-3自适应光学卫星系统[106]

    Figure 27.GOLAY-3 adaptive reconnaissance optical satellite system[106]

    图 28MIDAS系统示意图[110]

    Figure 28.Schematic diagram of MIDAS system[110]

    图 29MIDAS光学系统图[110]

    Figure 29.MIDAS optical system[110]

    图 30ONERA稀疏孔径系统布局图

    Figure 30.Layout of ONERA sparse aperture system

    图 31ONERA稀疏孔径系统共相位试验原理图

    Figure 31.Principle diagram of ONERA sparse aperture system co-phasing test

    图 32ONERA稀疏孔径系统图像恢复仿真结果[111]

    Figure 32.Simulation results of recovery images of ONERA sparse aperture system[111]

    图 33达尔文任务的一种配置[113]

    Figure 33.Configuration of Darwin’s Mission[113]

    图 34FFSAT的概念图

    Figure 34.Concept map of FFSAT

    图 35三轴压电平台

    Figure 35.3-axis piezo stage

    图 36(a)原目标;(b)SPIDER技术获取的图像[121]

    Figure 36.(a) Original object; (b) image obtained by SPIDER technology[121]

    图 37SPIDER系统示意图

    Figure 37.Schematic diagram of SPIDER system

    图 38洛克希德-马丁公司的“SPIDER”成像仪

    Figure 38.SPIDER developed by Lockheed Martin company

    图 39SPOT-5亚像元超分辨率成像方式的(Supermode模式)成像效果

    Figure 39.Imaging effect of SPOT-5 subpixel super resolution imaging (Supermode mode)

    图 40SkySat卫星轨道分布图

    Figure 40.SkySat satellite orbit distribution

    图 41SkySat-1探测器光谱成像示意图

    Figure 41.Schematic diagram of spectrum imaging for SkySat-1 detector

    图 42卫星采集RAW图像(左)VS 组合20帧后的超分辨图像(右)[123]

    Figure 42.RAW image acquired by satellite (left) VS super resolution image after 20 frames combination (right)[123]

    图 43原始低分辨率图像

    Figure 43.Raw low-resolution image

    图 44超分辨后结果

    Figure 44.Super resolution results

    图 45原始低分辨率数据[130]

    Figure 45.Raw low-resolution data[130]

    图 46超分辨后结果图[133]

    Figure 46.Super resolution imaging result[133]

    图 47相干孔径合成超分辨原理图[133]

    Figure 47.Schematic diagram of coherent aperture synthesis super resolution imaging[133]

    图 48相干孔径合成超分实验测试场景

    Figure 48.Experimental test scenario of coherent aperture synthesis supermetry

    表 1高分辨率光学遥感卫星光学参数

    Table 1.Optical parameters of high-resolution optical remote sensing satellites

    序号 名称 国家 年份 分辨率/m 轨道/km
    1 QuickBird-2 美国 2001 0.61 450
    2 IGS-1A 日本 2003 1 500
    3 OrbView-3 美国 2003 1 470
    4 Resurs-DK1 俄罗斯 2006 1 360~610
    5 EROS B 以色列 2006 0.7 500
    6 Ofeq-7 以色列 2007 0.5 300~600
    7 GeoEye-1 美国 2008 0.41 681
    8 KH-13 美国 2008 0.07
    9 CartoSat-2 印度 2010 0.8 635
    10 Pleiades-4 法国 2011 0.5 694
    11 Worldview-3 美国 2014 0.3 617
    12 Gaojing-1 中国 2016 0.5 530
    13 Worldview-4 美国 2016 0.25 617
    14 BlackSky-4 美国 2018 0.85 450
    15 Hongqi1-H9 中国 2020 0.75 481.6
    16 GFDM 中国 2020 0.5 643.8
    17 IGS-Optical 7 日本 2020 0.3 485
    18 SkySat-16 美国 2020 0.5 456
    19 JL-GF-02D 中国 2021 0.75 650
    20 WorldView –Legion 美国 预计2022 0.3
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 2JEM-EUSO指标参数

    Table 2.Index parameters of JEM-EUSO

    探测谱段/nm 330~400
    口径/m 2.5
    视场角/(°) ±30
    可观测区域/km2 >1.9×105
    焦面面积/m2 4.5
    像元数 2.0×105
    像元尺寸/mm 4.5
    角分辨率/(°) 0.1
    时间分辨率/μs ≤2.5
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 3成像观测航天器口径参数

    Table 3.Comparison of large aperture imaging observation spacecraft

    参数 口径/m 主镜 面密度/(kg·m−2) 运行温度/K
    JWST 6.5 分块 20 50
    HST 2.4 单体 180 300
    “赫歇尔空间望远镜” 3.5 单体 21.8 90
    KH-11 侦察卫星 2.4 单体 不详 常温
    KH-12侦察卫星 约3.3 单体 不详 常温
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 4JWST 航天器基本情况

    Table 4.Basic parameters of JWST

    参数 基本情况
    质量 总质量约6500 kg,主镜质量约705 kg
    功率/W 2000
    最大数据速率/(Mbit·s−1) 28
    主镜 直径6.5 m,由 18 块镀金六边形铍镜组成,
    每个镜块的直径为1.32 m,焦距为131.4 m
    遮阳板 5层可展开遮阳板,展开约21.2 m×14.2 m
    观测波长 可见光、近红外、中红外(0.6~28.5 μm)
    光学分辨率 大约0.1
    仪器 近红外相机、近红外光谱仪、中红外仪器、带
    有精巧导航系统的近红外成像仪与无缝光谱仪
    轨道 日地拉格朗日L2点晕轨道
    工作温度/°C −235
    任务寿命 5年,目标10年以上
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 5不同类型遥感成像技术总结

    Table 5.Summary of different types of remote sensing imaging technology

    序号 技术名称 优点 缺点
    1 大口径单体光学遥感成像技术 技术成熟度高、
    成像分辨率高
    口径受限、系统精密、加工、装调
    难度大
    2 单体衍射元件成像系统 系统衍射效率高 成像质量低、衍射元件复杂
    3 空间展开式分块镜拼接主镜技术 易满足发射要求、可实现分辨率高 设计难度大、镜面调整难度大
    4 光学综合孔径成像系统 可实现大口径成像、
    系统结构分布
    式灵活布置
    子孔径共相位调整难度大
    5 分块式平板光电成像探测系统 系统集成度高、可实现轻小型化 成像分辨率较低、加工工艺复杂
    6 器件亚像素
    拼接技术
    可实现超分辨率成像、可行性高 分辨率提升有限
    7 多帧超分辨率成像技术 可实现超分辨率成像、技术成熟 分辨率提升有限、时间分辨率低
    8 计算超分主动探测 可实现超分辨率
    成像、系统可灵活
    分布式构型
    远距离对主动光源功率要求过高、易受噪声影响
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:2022-04-25
  • 修回日期:2022-05-31
  • 录用日期:2022-07-26
  • 网络出版日期:2022-08-03

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