电润湿透镜重复变焦精度指标及其优化方法 -

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

电润湿透镜重复变焦精度指标及其优化方法

doi:10.37188/CO.2022-0209

桂林理工大学机械与控制工程学院, 广西桂林 541004

基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（No. 72001054）；广西科技计划项目（No. AB22035041）

详细信息

作者简介:
黄　鹏（1981—），男，湖南衡阳人，博士，副教授，2016年于浙江大学获得博士学位，主要从事机器视觉及新型光学器件方面的研究。E-mail：hp1981hp@sina.com.cn
杨晓营（1998—），男，广西南宁人，硕士研究生，2020年于桂林理工大学获得学士学位，主要从事新型光学器件方面的研究。E-mail：2225886523@qq.com
陈　彬（1997—），男，广西博白人，硕士研究生，2021年于桂林理工大学获得学士学位，主要从事新型光学器件方面的研究。E-mail：2085406797@qq.com
宋　跃（1999—），男，安徽马鞍山人，硕士研究生，2022年于淮阴工学院获得学士学位，现就读于桂林理工大学，主要从事新型光学器件、机器视觉方面的研究。E-mail：1028296135@qq.com

中图分类号:TP394.1;TH691.9
计量
- 文章访问数:222
- HTML全文浏览量:141
- PDF下载量:199
- 被引次数:0
出版历程
- 收稿日期:2022-10-10
- 修回日期:2022-11-11
- 网络出版日期:2023-02-08

Repeated zoom accuracy index of an electrowetting lens and its optimization method

College of Mechanical and Control Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China

Funds:Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 72001054); Guangxi Science and Technology Program (No. AB22035041)

More Information

Corresponding author:hp1981hp@sina.com.cn

摘要

摘要:
借鉴玻璃透镜的研究方法，提出了一种基于统计数据的液体透镜重复变焦精度指标，用于描述其变焦稳定性，并给出了液体透镜设计参数优化及材料优选的实验方法。首先，通过初步实验研究与分析，得到影响液体透镜重复变焦精度的主要影响因素——极性溶液体积、锥度、非极性溶液粘度；其次，以重复变焦精度和变焦范围作为评价指标，发现重复变焦精度与电压的关系不具有单调性，存在先升后降的现象。在此基础上，运用极差分析与综合平衡法，得到各因素的不同影响程度及最优参数组合，采用正交实验法优化设计参数。最后，实验验证了该方法的有效性。实验结果表明，优化后的液体透镜，在150 V电压处，重复变焦精度为0.2 m⁻¹；在0~230 V电压范围内，变焦范围为−15.2~5.85 m⁻¹。结果表明本文所提出的方法基本满足液体透镜变焦稳定可靠、精度高、变焦范围大等要求。
- 介电润湿/
- 液体透镜/
- 连续变焦/
- 重复精度/
- 正交实验/
- 参数优化
Abstract:
Tacking the research of glass lenses as reference, a statistical data-based index of liquid lens zoom stability and liquid lens repeated zoom accuracy is proposed. An experimental method is presented to optimize the structural parameters and materials of the liquid lens. Firstly, the main factors affecting the accuracy of a liquid lens’ repeat zoom accuracy were obtained through preliminary experimental research, including the polar solution volume, taper and non-polar solution viscosity. Secondly, taking the accuracy of the liquid lens’s repeat zoom accuracy and zoom range as evaluation indicators, it was found that the relationship between the accuracy of the liquid lens’s repeat zoom and the voltage is not monotonic, and that it rises first and then falls. On this basis, through the range analysis and comprehensive balance method, the primary and secondary factors and the optimal combination of parameters is obtained. After that, orthogonal experiments were used to optimize the design parameters. Finally, the effectiveness of this method was verified by experiments. The experimental results show that the repeat zoom accuracy of the optimized liquid lens is 0.2 m⁻¹, and the zoom range is −15.2−5.85 m⁻¹over the voltage range of 0 to 230 V. It basically meets the requirements of stable and reliable, high precision, and large zoom range for liquid lens zoom.
- dielectric wetting/
- liquid lens/
- continuous zooming/
- repeated accuracy/
- orthogonal experiment/
- parameter optimization

HTML全文

图 1介质上电润湿示意图

Figure 1.Schematic diagram of electrowetting on the medium

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2介电润湿双液体变焦透镜截面图

Figure 2.Cross section of a dielectric wetting double liquid zoom lens

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3从主液滴产生的卫星液滴

Figure 3.Satellite droplets generated from the primary droplet

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4双液体透镜的变焦迟滞曲线

Figure 4.Zoom hysteresis curve of a double liquid lens

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5双液体变焦实验装置

Figure 5.Double liquid zoom experimental setup

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6焦度随电压的变化关系图

Figure 6.Diagram of focal power as a function of voltage

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7正交实验组重复变焦精度曲线

Figure 7.Repeated zoom accuracy curves of orthogonal experiment

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8重复变焦精度随电压变化曲线

Figure 8.Repeated zoom accuracy curves as a function of voltage

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1透镜零件尺寸表

Table 1.Part size of the lens

底径 a(mm)	顶径 b(mm)	高度 H(mm)	锥度 α(°)
4	6	4	14.04
	8		26.57
	10		36.87
4	6	6	9.46
6	8
8	10
4	6.14	4	15.00
	7.22	6
	8.29	8

下载: 导出CSV

表 2三因素三水平取值表

Table 2.Table of three factors and three levels

水平	因素
水平	A(ul)	B(°)	C(mPa.s)
1	40	14.04	100
2	50	26.57	350
3	60	37.87	500

下载: 导出CSV

表 3正交实验结果

Table 3.Orthogonal experiment results

序号	实验因素			实验结果
序号	A(ul)	B(°)	C(mPa·s)	X(m⁻¹)	Y(m⁻¹)
1	40	14.04	100	15.675	1.0960
2	40	26.57	350	15.720	1.0188
3	40	37.87	500	16.405	0.1252
4	50	14.04	350	20.940	0.4160
5	50	26.57	500	12.990	0.9975
6	50	37.87	100	15.235	0.6485
7	60	14.04	500	21.040	0.2000
8	60	26.57	100	12.220	1.2202
9	60	37.87	350	11.250	0.1814

下载: 导出CSV

表 4变焦精度极差分析结果

Table 4.Range analysis results of zoom accuracy

水平	因素
水平	A	B	C
k₁	0.747	0.571	0.988
k₂	0.687	1.079	0.539
k₃	0.534	0.318	0.441
R	0.213	0.760	0.547

下载: 导出CSV

表 5变焦范围极差分析表

Table 5.Range analysis for zoom accuracy

水平	因素
水平	A	B	C
k₁	15.933	19.218	14.377
k₂	16.388	13.643	15.970
k₃	14.837	14.297	16.812
R	1.552	5.575	2.435

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献 (23)

[1]	KUIPER S, HENDRIKS B H W. Variable-focus liquid lens for miniature cameras[J].Applied Physics Letters, 2004, 85(7): 1128-1130.doi:10.1063/1.1779954
[2]	BERGE B, PESEUX J. Variable focal lens controlled by an external voltage: an application of electrowetting[J].The European Physical Journal E, 2000, 3(2): 159-163.doi:10.1007/s101890070029
[3]	黄翔, 林四英, 谷丹丹, 等. 液体变焦镜头的研究进展[J]. 中国光学,2019,12(6):1179-1194.doi:10.3788/co.20191206.1179 HUANG X, LIN S Y, GU D D,et al. Review on progress of variable-focus liquid lens[J].Chinese Optics, 2019, 12(6): 1179-1194. (in Chinese)doi:10.3788/co.20191206.1179
[4]	崔建国, 王润诗, 袁伟, 等. 液体透镜研究现状与展望[J]. 重庆理工大学学报(自然科学),2016,30(11):105-110. CUI J G, WANG R SH, YUAN W,et al. Research status and prospects of liquid lens[J].Journal of Chongqing University of Technology(Natural Science), 2016, 30(11): 105-110. (in Chinese)
[5]	ZHAO P P, ATAMAN Ç, ZAPPE H. A miniaturized camera objective with 2X optical zoom[J].Proceedings of SPIE, 2018, 10545: 1054508.
[6]	王琼华, 袁荣英, 刘超. 基于电润湿液体透镜的显微成像技术[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报,2022,48(9):1774-1781. WANG Q H, YUAN R Y, LIU CH. Microscopic imaging technology with electrowetting liquid lens[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2022, 48(9): 1774-1781. (in Chinese)
[7]	WANG L H, XU H J, TABATA S,et al. . High-speed focal tracking projection based on liquid lens[C].SIGGRAPH '20: ACM SIGGRAPH 2020 Emerging Technologies, ACM, 2020: 15.
[8]	苏树钊, 姜海明, 夏宏燕, 等. 电控梯度折射率液晶透镜研究进展[J]. 液晶与显示,2022,37(3):310-341.doi:10.37188/CJLCD.2021-0278 SU SH ZH, JIANG H M, XIA H Y,et al. Research progress of electronically controlled gradient refractive index liquid crystal lens[J].Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays, 2022, 37(3): 310-341. (in Chinese)doi:10.37188/CJLCD.2021-0278
[9]	李中杨, 马国鹭, 曾国英, 等. 交流作用下液滴在派瑞林薄膜表面的润湿特性研究[J]. 真空科学与技术学报,2019,39(8):672-677.doi:10.13922/j.cnki.cjovst.2019.08.09 LI ZH Y, MA G L, ZENG G Y,et al. AC electrowetting of NaCl droplet on parylene surface: a theoretical and experimental study[J].Chinese Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology, 2019, 39(8): 672-677. (in Chinese)doi:10.13922/j.cnki.cjovst.2019.08.09
[10]	王大振, 彭润玲, 陈家璧, 等. 双液体变焦透镜变焦迟滞现象的研究[J]. 光学学报,2011,31(6):94-98. WANG D ZH, PENG R L, CHEN J B,et al. Variable-focus hysteresis of double-liquid variable-focus lens[J].Acta Optica Sinica, 2011, 31(6): 94-98. (in Chinese)
[11]	SONG X M, ZHANG H X, LI D Y,et al. Electrowetting lens with large aperture and focal length tunability[J].Scientific Reports, 2020, 10(1): 16318.doi:10.1038/s41598-020-73260-4
[12]	ZHAO P P, LI Y, ZAPPE H. Accelerated electrowetting-based tunable fluidic lenses[J].Optics Express, 2021, 29(10): 15733-15746.doi:10.1364/OE.423460
[13]	徐荣青, 孔梅梅, 张宏超, 等. 减少电润湿液体透镜变焦时间的实验研究[J]. 光学学报,2020,40(13):1322003.doi:10.3788/AOS202040.1322003 XU R Q, KONG M M, ZHANG H CH,et al. Experimental research on reducing zoom time of electrowetting liquid lenses[J].Acta Optica Sinica, 2020, 40(13): 1322003. (in Chinese)doi:10.3788/AOS202040.1322003
[14]	SONG X M, ZHANG H X, ZHANG Z L,et al. Design and characteristics of a Maxwell force-driven liquid lens[J].Optics Express, 2021, 29(6): 8323-8332.doi:10.1364/OE.418630
[15]	LIM W Y, SUPEKAR O D, ZOHRABI M,et al. Liquid combination with high refractive index contrast and fast scanning speeds for electrowetting adaptive optics[J].Langmuir, 2018, 34(48): 14511-14518.doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02849
[16]	刘政, 周俊荣, 何灵, 等. 采用正交实验和综合评价法的机床立柱优化设计[J]. 机械工程师,2022(2):69-72,75.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-2333.2022.2.jxgcs202202023 LIU ZH, ZHOU J R, HE L,et al. Optimization design of machine tool column using orthogonal experiment and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method[J].Mechanical Engineer, 2022(2): 69-72,75. (in Chinese)doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-2333.2022.2.jxgcs202202023
[17]	宋海润, 王晓蕾, 周树道, 等. 基于正交实验的七孔探针结构优化设计[J]. 传感器与微系统,2022,41(3):76-78,82. SONG H R, WANG X L, ZHOU SH D,et al. Structure optimization design of seven-hole probe based on orthogonal experiment[J].Transducer and Microsystem Technologies, 2022, 41(3): 76-78,82. (in Chinese)
[18]	王鑫, 赵悠然, 徐近博, 等. 基于电润湿效应驱动的液体菲涅尔透镜[J]. 液晶与显示,2022,37(8):942-947.doi:10.37188/CJLCD.2022-0154 WANG X, ZHAO Y R, XU J B,et al. Liquid Fresnel lens based on electrowetting effect drive[J].Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays, 2022, 37(8): 942-947. (in Chinese)doi:10.37188/CJLCD.2022-0154
[19]	郭媛媛, 蒋洪伟, 袁冬, 等. 电润湿显示材料与器件技术研究进展[J]. 液晶与显示,2022,37(8):925-941.doi:10.37188/CJLCD.2022-0165 GUO Y Y, JIANG H W, YUAN D,et al. Progress in electrowetting display materials and device technology[J].Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays, 2022, 37(8): 925-941. (in Chinese)doi:10.37188/CJLCD.2022-0165
[20]	任晓飞, 魏长智, 刘飞飞, 等. 介电润湿驱动的变焦液体透镜电动力学分析[J]. 哈尔滨工业大学学报,2019,51(10):61-67.doi:10.11918/j.issn.0367-6234.201807068 REN X F, WEI CH ZH, LIU F F,et al. Electrodynamic study of variable-focus liquid lens driven by electrowetting on dielectric[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 2019, 51(10): 61-67. (in Chinese)doi:10.11918/j.issn.0367-6234.201807068
[21]	唐彪, 赵青, 周敏, 等. 电润湿动力学描述及其非稳态研究进展[J]. 华南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2016,48(1):35-41. TANG B, ZHAO Q, ZHOU M,et al. Research progress in electrowetting dynamics and its instability[J].Journal of South China Normal University(Natural Science Edition), 2016, 48(1): 35-41. (in Chinese)
[22]	宋秀萍. 液固组合透镜变焦范围的研究[D]. 北京: 北京理工大学, 2016. SONG X P. Study of the zoom of solid-liquid composite lens[D]. Beijing: Beijing Institute of Technology, 2016. (in Chinese)
[23]	PENG R L, CHEN J B, ZHUANG S L. Electrowetting-actuated zoom lens with spherical-interface liquid lenses[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 2008, 25(11): 2644-2650.doi:10.1364/JOSAA.25.002644