Calculation of orbit heat flow and research on radiation characteristics of space target
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摘要:
随着低轨空间资源愈发拥挤，空间态势感知是太空资产正常运行的重要支撑，而光学观测是其重要手段之一。本文针对空间目标受到的太阳辐射、地球辐射、地球反照辐射，采用蒙特卡洛（Monte Carlo）法，基于非结构四面体网格编写了仿真程序，并对计算结果进行了对比验证。进一步地，对太阳同步轨道卫星受到的轨道外热流，采用带帆板的网格进行了有无遮挡情况下各表面受到的轨道外热流分析。结果显示，在对地模式下考虑遮挡后，-Y表面平均热流值降低了53.79 W/m2，+Y-Z侧帆板表面平均热流值降低了32.05 W/m2。结合表面材料属性，给出了各表面的温度特性，并结合帆板温度的在轨遥测数据，验证了计算的准确性。最后，计算了两种模式下各方向的红外辐射强度。结果表明，不同观测模式下各表面受热流影响不同，对地模式下各表面温度随时间变化较大，而对日模式下各表面热流较为稳定。两种模式下，太阳能帆板的温度较高，辐射强度较大，具有明显的红外特征，便于开展红外观测。
Abstract:With the increasingly crowded space resources in low orbit, space situational awareness is an important support for the normal operation of space assets, and optical observation is one of the important means. In this paper, the solar radiation, the earth radiation and the earth albedo radiation received by the space target are simulated by Monte Carlo simulation method, and the simulation program is written based on the unstructured tetrahedral grid, and the calculation results are compared and verified. Furthermore, for the orbit external heat flow received by the sun-synchronous orbit satellite, the grid with solar panels is used to analyze the orbit heat flow received by each surface with or without occlusion. The results show that the average heat flow value of -Y surface decreases by 53.79 W/m2after considering occlusion in the ground mode. The average surface heat flow value of +Y-Z side panel decreased by 32.05 W/m2. The temperature characteristics of each surface are given based on the properties of surface materials, and the accuracy of the calculation is verified by combining with the on-orbit telemetry data of the solar panel temperature. Finally, the infrared radiation intensity in each direction of the two modes is calculated. The results show that the influence of heat flow on the surface is different under different observation modes. The temperature of the surface varies with time under the earth mode, while the heat flow on the surface is stable under the sun mode. Under the two modes, the temperature of the solar panel is higher, the radiation intensity is larger, and it has obvious infrared characteristics, which is convenient to carry out infrared observation.
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图 1地球红外辐射及反照外热流示意图
Figure 1.Schematic diagram of earth infrared radiation and albedo external heat flow
图 2800 km太阳同步轨道外热流对比
Figure 2.Comparison of external heat flow of the 800 km sun-synchronous orbit
图 11热流分布及遮挡影响示意图
Figure 11.Schematic diagram of heat flow distribution and occluding effects
图 15对地模式下的各方向辐射强度（3~5 μm）
Figure 15.Radiation intensity in each direction in the ground mode (3~5 μm)
图 16对日模式下的各方向辐射强度（3~5 μm）
Figure 16.Radiation intensity in each direction in sun mode (3~5 μm)
图 17对地模式下的各方向辐射强度（8~14 μm）
Figure 17.Radiation intensity in each direction in the ground mode (8~14 μm)
图 18对日模式下的各方向辐射强度（8~14 μm）
Figure 18.Radiation intensity in each direction in sun mode (8~14 μm)
表 1表面材料热参数[15]
Table 1.Thermal parameters of surface material
Surface Material Absorptivity Emissivity Body F46 0.35 0.68 Solar panel Battery piece 0.82 0.81 Backboard 0.88 0.86 
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表 2典型位置地球红外角系数随平板俯仰角变化对比
Table 2.Comparison of earth infrared angular coefficient variation with plate pitch angle at typical positions
$\beta $ This work Ref[16] 0 0.9129 0.9118 30 0.7961 0.7961 60 0.5673 0.5639 90 0.3139 0.3125 120 0.1107 0.1100 150 0.0081 0.0077 180 0.0000 0.0000 下载:
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表 3各平面一个轨道周期内平均外热流（单位：W/m2）
Table 3.Average period external heat fluxes of each surface unit: W/m2
Surface Mode 1 Mode2 +X 390.51 87.92 -X 373.86 116.75 +Y 89.96 100.83 -Y 408.43 120.34 +Z 346.37 148.28 -Z 399.60 972.33 +Y+Z solar panel 342.52 148.17 +Y-Z solar panel 367.55 972.22 -Y+Z solar panel 346.43 148.29 -Y-Z solar panel 399.60 972.23 下载:
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