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摘要:
目的： 超构透镜作为一种新型的平面光学元件，能够灵活操控光的相位、偏振、振幅，在器件轻量化和批量化制造等方面具有很大的发展和应用前景，目前受到了广泛关注。离轴超构透镜作为一种特殊的超构透镜且具有一定的色散作用，可作为分光元件，为实现微小型仪器提供了一种独特而可行的途径。本论文提出了一种离轴超构透镜的设计方法，并分析了不同数值孔径、离轴角度等参数对于离轴超构透镜的光谱分辨率、聚焦效率以及仿真结果的影响，为后续离轴超构透镜的研究与应用提供思路。方法：利用Lumerical软件分别仿真了参数为NA =0.408α =13°、NA =0.180α =13°、NA =0.408α =20°等多个离轴超构透镜。结果：仿真结果表明：离轴角度与光谱分辨率大小成正相关，离轴角度越大，光谱分辨能力越强，但聚焦效率越低；当数值孔径越小时，相位分布的覆盖范围越小，会导致仿真与理论的聚焦位置偏差变大。结论：设计者需要根据需求合理平衡数值孔径、离轴角度等参数，最终实现理想效果。该研究结论对离轴超构透镜的理论分析和实际应用中的参数设计具有重要参考价值。Abstract:ObjectiveAs a new type of planar optical element, meta-lens can flexibly control the phase, polarization and amplitude of light. They have great potential for device lightweighting and mass manufacturing, and have garnered widespread attention. Off-axis meta-lens, a special type of meta-lens with certain dispersion effect, can be used as a spectral element, providing a unique and feasible way to realize micro instruments. This paper proposes a design method for off-axis meta-lens and analyzes the effects of numerical aperture, off-axis angle, and incident wavelength on the simulation deviation, resolution and focusing efficiency of off-axis meta-lenses, which provides valuable insights for subsequent research and application of off-axis meta-lenses.
MethodsSeveral off-axis meta-lenses with parameters
NA =0.408α =13°,NA =0.18α =13°,NA =0.408α =20° were simulated by Lumerical, respectively.ResultsThe simulation results indicate that the off-axis angle is directly proportional to the spectral resolution. As the angle increases, t the spectral resolution becomes larger, but the focusing efficiency decreases. A smaller numerical aperture result in a smaller coverage of the phase distribution, leading to a larger deviation between the simulation and theory.
ConclusionDesigners need to reasonably balance parameters such as numerical aperture and off-axis angle according to the requirements to finally achieve the desired effect. The conclusion of this study is an important reference value for theoretical analysis and parameter design of off-axis meta-lens in practical application.
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Key words:
- meta-lens/
- off-axis meta-lens/
- design/
- simulation analysis
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图 3不同半径单元结构对应的相位分布
Figure 3.Phase distribution corresponding to unit structures of different radii
图 6D=30 μm，α=13°，λ0=1.550 μm，f=32.986 μm时的相位分布与仿真结果图
Figure 6.Phase distribution and simulation results for D=30 μm,α=13°, λ0=1.550 μm,f=32.986 μm
图 7D=30 μm，α=13°，λ0=1.550 μm，f=80 μm时的相位分布与仿真结果图
Figure 7.Phase distribution and simulation results for D=30 μm,α=13°, λ0=1.550 μm,f=80 μm
图 10α=13°,不同λ入射时离轴超构透镜沿Z轴的光强分布图
Figure 10.The intensity distribution of the off-axis meta-lens alongZaxis with differentλincident whenα=13°
图 11α=20°,不同λ入射时离轴超构透镜沿Z轴光强分布图
Figure 11.Intensity distribution of the off-axis meta-lens alongZaxis with differentλincident whenα=20°
图 12NA=0.408时，不同离轴角度对应的聚焦效率曲线图
Figure 12.Curve plot of focusing efficiency corresponding to different off axis angles atNA=0.408
表 1离轴超构透镜设计参数(单位：μm)
Table 1.Main parameters of off-axis meta-lens (Unit: μm)
参数 数值 设计波长（μm） 1.550 焦距（μm） 32.986 离轴角度（°） 13 数值孔径 0.408 
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表 2不同NA的离轴超构透镜理论计算与仿真聚焦位置对比（单位：μm）
Table 2.Comparison of theoretical calculation and simulation focusing positions of off-axis meta-lens with differentNA(Unit: μm)
NA 理论聚焦位置x-z 仿真聚焦位置x-z 相对偏差δx-δz 0.408 (7.420, 32.141) (7.100, 31.200) (0.320, 0.941) 0.180 (17.996, 77.950) (14, 62) (3.996, 15.950) 下载:
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表 3不同NA的离轴超构透镜理论计算与仿真聚焦位置对比（单位：μm）
Table 3.Comparison of theoretical calculation and simulation focusing positions of off-axis meta-lens with differentNA(Unit: μm)
NA 理论聚焦位置x-z 仿真聚焦位置x-z 相对偏差δx-δz 0.388 （14.975,29.391） （14.322,28.416） （0.653,0.975） 0.371 （18.446,27.347） （17.638,26.300） （0.808,1.047） 下载:
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表 4离轴角度α=13°时不同工作波长对应的聚焦效率
Table 4.Focusing efficiency of different working wavelengths at the off-axis angleα=13°
工作波长λ（μm） 聚焦效率 1.550 59.14％ 2.022 29.32％ 2.800 18.42％ 3.000 17.65％ 下载:
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