On-machine detection technology and application progress of high dynamic range fringe structured light
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摘要:
条纹结构光技术是近年来发展迅速的非接触式测量方法，为机械加工第在机检测提供了新的解决方案。由于加工环境光线复杂且金属零件本身具有高反光的特性，造成结构光在机检测的精度降低，测量结果不准确，将高动态范围(High Dynamic Range，HDR)技术应用于结构光检测中，可实现对金属零件在复杂场景的测量，抑制高反光的影响。本文首先介绍了结构光测量原理，总结出HDR结构光在机检测面临的难点；其次，对HDR结构光技术进行了全面综述，以机械加工在机检测为背景，按照基于硬件设备的HDR技术和基于条纹算法的HDR技术分别进行了归纳分析；然后，根据在机检测的条件需求，对各类技术进行总结，并比较不同方法的优缺点和在机检测的适用性；最后，结合近年来先进制造技术和精密测量的研究热点，对潜在应用进行分析，提出技术展望。
Abstract:Fringe structured light technology is a non-contact measurement method, which has developed rapidly in recent years and provides a new solution for on-machine detection in mechanical processing. However, the accuracy of structured light for on-machine detection is compromised by the convoluted lighting in machining environments and metal parts’ high reflectivity, leading to inaccurate measurements. Applying high dynamic range (HDR) technology to structured light detection can achieve the measurement of metal parts in complex scenes and reduces the effect of high reflectivity. This paper introduces the measurement principle of structured light and summarizes the challenges of on-machine detection for HDR structured light. Subsequently, this paper provides a comprehensive review of HDR structured light technology. Based on the context of on-machine detection, the HDR technology using hardware equipment and the stripe algorithm are discussed and analyzed, respectively. Following this, different technologies are summarized according to the requirements of on-machine detection. The advantages and disadvantages of various methods are presented, and the applicability of on-machine detection is compared. Finally, the potential applications are analyzed, and the technological prospects will be proposed in combination with the research hotspots of advanced manufacturing technology and precision measurement in recent years.
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图 3结构光在机检测系统架构
Figure 3.Architecture of on-machine detection system of structured light
表 1三维视觉测量技术分类
Table 1.Classification of three-dimensional visual measurement technology
视觉测
量分类是否投
射光源具体分类 特点 被动视
觉测量否 单目视觉测量 基于图像聚焦程度完成三维重建，多用于显微视觉测量中。 双目视觉测量 根据三角测量原理实现三维重建，应用于双目立体摄像头。 多目视觉测量 增加辅助相机，通过光束平差提高测量精度。 主动视
觉测量是 点扫描式 器投射光点，根据光标中心坐标和标定数据进行重建，测量效率低。 线扫描式 器投射光条代替光点，提高效率，广泛应用于 扫描仪中。 面扫描式 通过投影仪投射二维结构光，单次投射覆盖区域大，测量效率最高。 
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表 4各类HDR测量技术总结
Table 4.Summary of various HDR measurement technologies
HDR技术 优点 缺点 光线条件
适应性系统硬件设备 检测效率 加工在机检测 相机曝光 无需添置额外硬件、无后续其他处理。 选择曝光时间具有一定盲目性，需多次测量合成最优数据。 单次曝光适应性较差，多重曝光适应性好。 简单 差 不适用 偏振滤光片 额外硬件较为简单、无其他复杂算法。 单偏振通道易降低整体图像的SNR，使用多个偏振通道时，需多次调整偏振片角度合成最优数据。 单通道适应性较差，多通道适应性好。 单通道简单，多通道较复杂。 差 不适用 相位偏折术 适用于类镜面物体的测量，测量精度高，无其他复杂算法 空间摆放位置受限制，不适用于金属等反光件。 好 简单 好 适用（镜面、类镜面工件） 光度立体法 利用多照明系统实现视角补盲 建立的反射模型不具有普适性。 好 复杂 好 不适用 调整条纹强度 逐像素调整图像亮度，条纹图像具有较高的SNR 对于场景和反射区域的标定需投射多组条纹确定映射关系，算法的效率需依靠投影仪的帧率决定。 好 简单 好
（配合高速投影）适用（配合高速投影） 颜色信息 算法简单，无其他复杂算法 对于带有颜色和纹理特征的被测物，测量精度会受到影响。 好 简单 好 适用 图案编码、解码 算法简单 增加条纹频率和相移步数，影响了测量的效率，且测量精度较低。 差 简单 差 不适用 智能算法 测量效率高，可以实现动态测量 算法复杂，成本较高，需要高度定制的训练样本。 好 简单 好 适用 下载:
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