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大气湍流对高分辨率遥感卫星的成像影响研究

毛红敏,丁致雅,杨燕燕,江苏奇,彭建涛,曹楠,胡立发,曹召良

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毛红敏, 丁致雅, 杨燕燕, 江苏奇, 彭建涛, 曹楠, 胡立发, 曹召良. 大气湍流对高分辨率遥感卫星的成像影响研究[J]. . doi: 10.37188/CO.2023-0083
引用本文: 毛红敏, 丁致雅, 杨燕燕, 江苏奇, 彭建涛, 曹楠, 胡立发, 曹召良. 大气湍流对高分辨率遥感卫星的成像影响研究[J]. .doi:10.37188/CO.2023-0083
MAO Hong-min, DING Zhi-ya, YANG Yan-yan, JIANG Su-qi, PENG Jian-tao, CAO Nan, HU Li-fa, CAO Zhao-liang. Effect of atmospheric turbulence on imaging quality of high-resolution remote sensing satellites[J]. Chinese Optics. doi: 10.37188/CO.2023-0083
Citation: MAO Hong-min, DING Zhi-ya, YANG Yan-yan, JIANG Su-qi, PENG Jian-tao, CAO Nan, HU Li-fa, CAO Zhao-liang. Effect of atmospheric turbulence on imaging quality of high-resolution remote sensing satellites[J].Chinese Optics.doi:10.37188/CO.2023-0083

大气湍流对高分辨率遥感卫星的成像影响研究

doi:10.37188/CO.2023-0083
基金项目:吉林省科技发展计划(No. 20220203033SF);“十四五”江苏省重点学科(No. 2021135);中国航天科技集团公司第八研究院产学研合作基金(No. SAST2020-025)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    毛红敏(1976—),女,河北邢台人,博士,副教授,主要从事光学设计、 雷达以及大气湍流的影响分析。E-mail:hongminmao@mail.usts.edu.cn

    曹召良(1974 —),男,河南济源人,博士,教授,博士生导师,2008 年于中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所获得博士学位,主要从事液晶自适应光学系统、光学设计、光学实验以及理论分析和模拟。E-mail:caozl@usts.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号:O436

Effect of atmospheric turbulence on imaging quality of high-resolution remote sensing satellites

Funds:Supported by Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan (No. 20220203033SF);Jiangsu Key Disciplines of the Fourteenth Five-Year Plan (No. 2021135);the Industry-University-Institute Cooperation Foundation of Eighth Institute of China Aerospace and Technology (No. SAST2020-025)
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  • 摘要:

    遥感卫星在国防和民用探测等领域发挥着重要作用,而大气湍流严重影响高分辨率遥感卫星的成像质量。本文重点研究了遥感卫星对地探测时,相机口径、卫星轨高和大气湍流强度对空间相机成像质量的影响。首先,基于球面波传输模型和Kolmogorov湍流理论,针对空对地探测湍流波前进行仿真。然后,分析畸变波前随相机口径、卫星轨高和大气相干长度的变化规律,并推导出普适公式。在此基础上,进一步推导出空间相机成像分辨率随相机口径、卫星轨高和大气相干长度变化的计算公式。最后,研究了大气湍流对空间相机调制传递函数(MTF)的影响,并以MTF=0.15为基准,仿真分析了MTF相对误差随相机口径、卫星轨高和大气相干长度的变化规律。本研究为高分辨率遥感卫星的设计、分析和评估提供理论依据。

  • 图 1卫星对地面目标探测示意图

    Figure 1.Schematic diagram of satellite detection to ground target

    图 2折射率结构常数 $C_{{n}}^2 $ 随高度z的变化曲线

    Figure 2.Refractive index structure constant $C_{{n}}^2 $ varying with heightz

    图 3仿真湍流波前

    Figure 3.Simulated turbulence wavefront

    图 4相机口径DWRMS的影响

    Figure 4.Influence of camera apertureDonWRMS

    图 5卫星轨道高度HWRMS的影响

    Figure 5.Influence of satellite orbital heightHonWRMS

    图 6大气相干长度r0WRMS的影响

    Figure 6.Influence of atmospheric coherence lengthr0onWRMS

    图 7(a) 不同参量值下的仿真值与理论值及(b)仿真值与理论值的相对误差

    Figure 7.Fig. 7(a) Simulated and theoretical values at different parameters; (b) relative error for simulated and theoretical values

    图 8波前均方根随大气湍流强度和卫星高度的变化规律

    Figure 8.Variation of root mean square of wavefront with atmospheric turbulence intensity and satellite altitude

    图 9角分辨率随卫星高度和相机口径的变化规律

    Figure 9.Variation of angular resolution with satellite altitude and camera aperture

    图 10线分辨率随卫星高度的变化规律

    Figure 10.Variation of line resolution with satellite altitude

    图 11100组湍流波前在x方向的MTF曲线

    Figure 11.MTF curves of 100 sets of turbulent wavefronts in thex-direction

    图 12调制传递函数随不同参数的变化曲线

    Figure 12.Curve of modulation transfer function varying with different parameters

    图 13MTF相对误差随不同参数的变化规律

    Figure 13.Variation of relative deviation of MTF with different parameters

    表 1随机选取的变量

    Table 1.Randomly selected variables

    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
    D/(m) 2 2 4 4 6 6 8 8
    H/(km) 200 500 150 250 100 350 150 600
    r0/(cm) 3 8 4 9 5 7 10 2
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  • 网络出版日期:2023-09-22

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