基于双峰谐振长周期光纤光栅的海水盐度传感器 -

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基于双峰谐振长周期光纤光栅的海水盐度传感器

doi:10.37188/CO.2023-0101

杜超^1,,
赵爽^1,,
宋桦可^2,,
王秋雨^1,,
贾斌^1,,
张丽^1,,
崔丽琴^1,,
赵强^3,,
邓霄^2,,

1.
太原理工大学电子信息与光学工程学院, 山西太原 030024
2.
太原理工大学物理学院, 山西太原 030024
3.
齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院) 海洋仪器仪表研究所, 山东青岛 266061

基金项目:国家自然科学基金（No. 62203320, No. 62375198, No. 52009088, No. 61933004）；中国博士后科学基金面上项目（No. 2019M661063）；山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目（No. 2023-039）；崂山实验室科技创新项目（No. LSKJ202204703）

详细信息

作者简介:
杜超（1988－），男，山西朔州人，博士，讲师，硕士生导师，2019年于东北大学信息科学与工程学院获得博士学位，主要从事特种光纤传感器设计及其特性方面的研究。E-mail：duchao@tyut.edu.cn
赵爽（1997－），男，山东济南人，硕士研究生，2020年于青岛大学自动化学院获得学士学位，主要从事光纤光栅传感技术方面的研究。E-mail：zhaoshuang0497@163.com
宋桦可（2002－），男，山西长治人，本科生，2020年考入太原理工大学物理学院，主要从事新型光电检测技术方面的研究。E-mail：2836003594@qq.com
王秋雨（1999－），男，江苏淮安人，硕士研究生，2021年于南京林业大学机电学院获得学士学位，主要从事特种光纤光栅传感技术等方面的研究。E-mail：wangqiuyu1234@link.tyut.edu.cn
贾斌（1995－），男，山西太原人，博士研究生，2018年于南京信息工程大学自动化学院获得学士学位，主要从事光纤光栅传感及冰探测技术方面的研究。E-mail：Jiabin0160@link.tyut.edu.cn
张丽（1985－），女，山西吕梁人，博士，副教授，2015年于太原理工大学物理与光电工程学院获得博士学位，主要从事光纤传感系统设计与性能方面的研究。E-mail：zhang219li@126.com
崔丽琴（1983－），女，山西长治人，博士，副教授，2015年太原理工大学物理与光电工程学院获得博士学位，主要从事冰雪环境智能检测技术的研究。E-mail：cuiliqin09@163.com
赵强（1982－），男，山东济南人，博士，副研究员，2013年于长春理工大学高功率半导体器国家重点实验室获得博士学位，主要从事光纤传感技术、海洋温盐深探测技术、精密加工等方面的研究。E-mail：zqhero9494@163.com
邓霄（1980－），男，山西太原人，博士，教授，硕士生导师，2014年于太原理工大学信息工程学院获得博士学位，主要从事光机电传感技术方面的研究。E-mail：dengxiao@tyut.edu.cn

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- 网络出版日期:2023-11-06

A seawater salinity sensor based on dual peaks resonance long period fiber grating

1.
College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
2.
College of Physics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
3.
Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Qingdao 266061, China

Funds:Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 62203320, No. 62375198, No. 52009088, No. 61933004); Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2019M661063); Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China (No. 2023-039); Science and Technology Innovation Project of Laoshan Laboratory (Qingdao) (No. LSKJ202204703)

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Corresponding author:dengxiao@tyut.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
为了研制高灵敏海水盐度传感器，本文基于CO₂ 技术成功制备出一种工作在色散转折点（DTP）附近的长周期光纤光栅（LPFG）。首先，利用CO₂ 器在80 μm细单模光纤上制备出工作在DTP附近的LPFG，证明了采用CO₂ 微加工技术制备较短周期LPFG的可能性。其次，通过调控CO₂ 器的制备周期，使高阶包层模式LP_1,9工作在DTP附近，从而显著提高了LPFG的折射率灵敏度。在双峰谐振增敏效应的作用下，当海水盐度从5.001 ‰变化到39.996 ‰时，光栅周期为115.4 μm的双峰谐振LPFG平均灵敏度高达0.279 nm/‰。研究结果表明，本文制备的LPFG海水盐度传感器具有谐振损耗大和灵敏度高的优点，其在海水盐度监测领域具有较好的应用前景。
- 光纤光学/
- 长周期光纤光栅/
- 色散转折点/
- 海水盐度/
- CO₂ 技术
Abstract:
To develop a highly sensitive seawater salinity sensor, a long period fiber grating (LPFG) was successfully fabricated using CO₂laser technology to function in close proximity to the dispersion turning point (DTP). An LPFG operating near DTP was fabricated in an 80 μm single mode fiber using CO₂laser micromachining technology. This successful endeavor demonstrates the feasibility of developing LPFG with shorter grating period. LPFGs with varying periods were fabricated using a CO₂laser to ensure that the cladding mode LP_1,9was operating near DTP, resulting in higher refractive index sensitivity of LPFG. The average sensitivity of 0.279 nm/‰ can be achieved in the seawater with salinity ranging from 5.001 ‰ to 39.996 ‰, especially with the dual peak resonance LPFG at a period of 115.4 μm, thanks to the dual peak resonance effect. The dual peaks resonance LPFG seawater salinity sensor exhibits high sensitivity and a large attenuation loss, suggesting potential application in seawater salinity monitoring.
- fiber optics/
- long period fiber grating/
- dispersion turning point/
- seawater salinity/
- CO₂laser technology

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图 1CO₂ 器制备的LPFG结构

Figure 1.LPFG structure fabricated using CO₂laser

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图 2基于80 μm单模光纤的LPFG的PMCs

Figure 2.PMCs of LPFG based on 80 μm single mode fiber

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图 3海水折射率与盐度的关系

Figure 3.Seawater refractive index as a function of salinity

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图 4当折射率从1.33变化到1.34时：（a）包层模式为LP_1,9的LPFG的PMCs；（b）折射率灵敏度与光栅周期之间的关系

Figure 4.Refractive index changes from 1.33 to 1.34: (a) PMCs of LPFG with LP_1,9cladding mode; (b) Seawater refractive index sensitivity as a function of grating period

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图 5传感探头及测量装置

Figure 5.Sensing probe and measuring device

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图 6周期为112 μm的LPFG折射率响应特性：（a）LPFG透射光谱在不同折射率下的变化；（b）谐振波长与折射率变化的关系

Figure 6.Refractive index response characteristics of LPFG with a period of 112 μm: (a) Transmission spectra of LPFG under various refractive indices; (b) Resonance wavelength as a function of refractive index

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图 7周期为113 μm的LPFG折射率响应特性：（a）LPFG透射光谱在不同折射率下的变化；（b）谐振波长与折射率变化的关系

Figure 7.Refractive index response characteristics of LPFG with a period of 113 μm: (a) Transmission spectra of LPFG under various refractive indices; (b) Resonance wavelength as a function of refractive index

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图 8周期为115.4 μm的LPFG折射率响应特性：（a）LPFG透射光谱在不同折射率下的变化；（b）谐振波长与折射率变化的关系

Figure 8.Refractive index response characteristics of LPFG with a period of 115.4 μm: (a) Transmission spectra of LPFG under various refractive indices; (b) Resonance wavelength as a function of refractive index

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图 9周期为115.6 μm的LPFG折射率响应特性：（a）LPFG透射光谱在不同折射率下的变化；（b）谐振波长与折射率变化的关系

Figure 9.Refractive index response characteristics of LPFG with a period of 115.6 μm: (a) Transmission spectra of LPFG under various refractive indices; (b) Resonance wavelength as a function of refractive index

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图 10周期为115.4 μm的LPFG性能测试：（a）重复性；（b）稳定性

Figure 10.Performance tests of LPFG with a period of 115.4 μm: (a) Repeatability; (b) Stability

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图 11周期为115.4 μm的LPFG温度响应特性：（a）LPFG透射光谱在不同温度下的变化；（b）谐振波长与温度变化的关系

Figure 11.Temperature response characteristics of LPFG with a period of 115.4 μm: (a) Transmission spectra of LPFG under different temperature; (b) Resonance wavelength as a function of temperature

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表 1不同方法制备的海水盐度传感器灵敏度对比

Table 1.Comparison of sensitivity for seawater salinity sensors fabricated using different methods

制备过程	包层直径 (μm)	灵敏度	范围	参考文献
理论工作： 1. 减小包层直径	29.24	3750 nm/RIU	1.33~1.35	[17]
理论工作： 1. 减小包层直径 2. 涂覆高折射率薄膜	34.8	143000 nm/RIU	1.33~1.331	[17]
1. CO₂ 刻写 2. 涂覆水凝胶薄膜	125	0.1255 nm/‰	22.8~44.7 ‰	[14]
1. CO₂ 刻写 2. 氢氟酸腐蚀包层 3. 涂覆TiO₂薄膜	72	0.1633 nm/‰	5.001~39.996 ‰	[15]
1. 紫外刻写 2. 氢氟酸腐蚀包层	71.75 32.5	1343 nm/RIU 8734 nm/RIU	1.353~1.398	[28]
1. 飞秒刻写 2. 涂覆TiO₂薄膜	125	3151.8 nm/RIU	1.33~1.37	[29]
1. CO₂ 刻写 2. 调整光栅周期	80	2025.549 nm/RIU 0.279 nm/‰	1.33356~1.33849 5.001~39.996 ‰	本项工作

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