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摘要:为提高双星光学观测体系的定位精度，构建了新型双星光学定位系统。通过对卫星、光电观测平台的建模，构建了地惯系下平台与目标间的观测矢量模型。利用几何定位算法，推导出了地惯系下的目标定位模型与定位误差模型，并利用蒙特卡罗法获得了定位误差分布。在此基础上，引入了小波理论进行误差的优化重构，以提高双星光学观测体系的定位精度。利用测量数据进行仿真，结果表明，引入小波理论对目标定位误差进行降噪重构后，可以使目标定位精度提高30%，为工程上减小目标定位误差提供了新的思路。Abstract:In order to improve the positioning accuracy of double satellites optical observation system, a new type of optical positioning system is constructed. Based on the modeling of the satellite and the optical observation platform, the observation vector model between the platform and the target is constructed. According to the geometric location algorithm, the target location model and the location error model are derived, and the location error distribution is obtained by the Monte Carlo method. On this basis, wavelet theory is brought to optimize and reconstruct error for improving the positioning accuracy of double satellites optical observation system. Using the measured data for simulation, the results show that the wavelet theory introduced to reconstruct the position error can make the positioning accuracy increase by 30%. It provides a new way to reduce the location error in engineering.
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表 1误差源
Table 1.Error sources
主系统 分系统 具体误差 光学系统 空间相机的光轴晃动误差 空间相机镜头畸变、相机内部安装结构、量化误差及电子器件噪声 包括像素抖动误差与灰度噪音的特征提取误差、像元分辨率 观测系统的静 误差造成的成像误差 态指向误差与 转动轴系在生产、安装过程中出现的几何误差 动态稳定误差 转动轴系 姿态传感器的安装零位误差和数值截断引起的测量误差 控制系统 框架转动误差 力矩、振动、噪声等因素引起的稳定回路误差 目标脱靶量误差、目标特性引起的跟踪回路误差 系统与卫星间的 对准误差 安装对准 观测系统与载体星在初始安装时，存在的中心方位误差、 方位对准误差和水平调平误差 位置测量系统 卫星在地惯系下的位置测量误差 卫星的测量误差 姿态测量系统 卫星姿态角信息测量误差 轨道测量系统 卫星轨道信息测量误差 其他误差 定位算法误差、双星交互信息时延误差等 
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表 2双星光学观测体系参数
Table 2.Optical observation system parameters of double satellites
双星轨道参数(ii,Ωi,ni,ei,ωi,Mi) i1/(°) Ω1/(°) n1/(circle·day-1) e1 ω1/(°) M1/(°) 98.223 2 181.006 2 14.629 462 70 0.002 072 1 165.867 2 196.327 8 i2/(°) Ω2/(°) n2/(circle·day-1) e2 ω2/(°) M2/(°) 98.749 0 199.862 4 14.261 080 06 0.000 142 0 131.860 4 228.269 7 双星姿态参数(φi,θi,πi) 内、外框架转角(λai,λei) 脱靶量参数(xmi,ymi) φ1/(°) θ1/(°) ψ2/(°) λa1/(°) λe1/(°) xm1 ym1 0.52 0.63 0.58 138.52 106.67 537.65 537.65 φ2/(°) θ2/(°) ψ2/(°) λa2/(°) λe2/(°) xm2 ym2 0.82 78.53 0.67 65.37 132.58 538.44 538.44 光电平台参数(ki,mi,ni,αi,βi,γi)和相机安装距离(si) ki/m mi/m ni/m αi/(°) βi/(°) γi/(°) si/m 1 1 1 20 20 20 1 相机系统参数(dxi,dyi,fIFOVi,Ui,Vi) dxi/μm dyi/μm fIFOVi/μrad Ui Vi 7.4 7.4 200 1 064 1 064 下载:
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表 3定位误差分布
Table 3.Location error distribution
名称 均值μ/km 均方差δ/km x轴定位误差Δx 1.02×10-3 0.279 y轴定位误差Δy 3.28×10-4 0.208 z轴定位误差Δz -3.62×10-4 0.595 下载:
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表 4信号统计量
Table 4.Signal statistics
分量 均值μ/km 均方差δ/km s 1.016×10-3 0.279 5 d1 -5.794×10-3 0.277 4 d2 -1.542×10-3 0.281 8 d3 -6.791×10-3 0.270 2 下载:
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表 5重构信号统计
Table 5.Reconstruction signal statistics
分量 均值μ/km 均方差δ/km ds 1.619×10-5 0.192 d1 -5.085×10-6 0.196 2 d2 1.637×10-5 0.140 9 d3 3.575×10-6 0.095 43 下载:
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表 6误差前后分布对比
Table 6.Comparison of the original error and the reconstruction error
名称 均值μ/km 均方差δ/km y轴原始定位误差Δys 3.276×10-4 0.208 y轴重构定位误差Δyds -1.192×10-5 0.145 y轴变化量 3.395×10-4 0.063 z轴原始定位误差Δzs -3.615×10-4 0.595 z轴重构定位误差Δzds 5.491×10-5 0.410 1 z轴变化量 -4.164×10-4 0.184 9 下载:
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