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摘要:为保证空间惯性传感器的正常在轨运行，在发射阶段需保证测试质量固定以避免与周围电容极板的接触碰撞；到达预定轨道后再重新捕获并以最小残余线速度将测试质量释放至精确位置，保持自由悬浮状态。测试质量的捕获定位对驱动器提出高精度的要求。本文针对在太空中捕获定位释放测试质量所用的压电直线驱动器进行了设计定制与性能测试。试验结果表明：该定制的压电驱动器最小步长小于1 nm，但步长稳定性误差较大；150 V工作电压条件最大驱动力达72 N；单步行进驱动力稳定；夹持测试质量过程中，驱动力稳定，稳定性偏差为0.16%。满足捕获、定位、释放机构的使用需求。Abstract:In order to ensure the normal operation of space inertial sensors in orbit, it is necessary to ensure the test mass is fixed during launch to prevent collision with the surrounding capacitor plate. It must grab the test mass after reaching its predetermined orbit and precisely release it in its correct position with minimal residual velocity such that it remains free-floating. In this paper, a piezoelectric linear actuator that is used to grab the test mass is designed, customized and tested for performance. The test results show that the customized piezoelectric actuator can achieve a minimum step size of less than 1 nm, but the step length stability error is large; the maximum driving force at 150 V of input is 72 N; the single stepping drive force is stable; during the process of fixing the test mass, the driving force is stable and the deviation in its stability is 0.16%. These findings meet the needs of the grabbing, positioning, and release mechanisms.
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图 1应用尺蠖型压电直线驱动器的GPRM结构及捕获TM原理示意图
Figure 1.Structure of GPRM with inchworm-piezoelectric linear actuator and principle of grabbing TM
图 2驱动原理及压电堆叠封装示意图
Figure 2.Schematic diagram of driving principle and piezoelectric stack packaging
图 9柔性片最大变形与受力关系曲线图
Figure 9.Relationship between maximum deformation and force for flexible sheet
图 10各驱动电压下步长测量曲线图
Figure 10.Measuring curves of step length under various driving voltages
表 1柔性片不同受力条件下的最大变形及最大应力
Table 1.Maximum deformation and maximum stress of flexible sheet under different forces
序号 施力大小/N 最大变形/mm 最大应力/MPa 1 10 0.008 428 4.395 5 2 20 0.016 855 8.798 1 3 30 0.025 281 13.207 4 40 0.033 704 17.623 5 50 0.042 124 22.045 6 60 0.050 541 26.473 7 70 0.058 953 30.905 8 80 0.067 360 35.343 9 90 0.075 761 39.786 10 100 0.084 154 44.232 
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表 2驱动器不同电压下的平均步长
Table 2.Average step length of actuator at different voltages
序号 驱动电压/V 平均步长/nm 1 0.1 10.23 2 0.01 3.40 3 0.001 1.60 4 0.0002 0.85 5 0.0001 0.81 下载:
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表 3不同电压下驱动器的步长稳定性偏差
Table 3.Step stability deviation of actuator under different driving voltages
序号 驱动电压/V 失稳系数/(%) 1 0.1 13.48 2 0.01 13.09 3 0.001 34.06 4 0.0002 58.68 5 0.0001 49.38 下载:
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