Mar. 2021

Article Contents

Chinese Optics> 2021> 14(2): 397-408.

YAN Shan-shan, WANG Shuang-peng, SU Shi-chen. Hybrid plasmonic leaky-mode lasing on subwavelength scale[J]. Chinese Optics, 2021, 14(2): 397-408. doi: 10.37188/CO.2020-0108

Citation:

YAN Shan-shan, WANG Shuang-peng, SU Shi-chen. Hybrid plasmonic leaky-mode lasing on subwavelength scale[J].Chinese Optics, 2021, 14(2): 397-408.doi:10.37188/CO.2020-0108

YAN Shan-shan, WANG Shuang-peng, SU Shi-chen. Hybrid plasmonic leaky-mode lasing on subwavelength scale[J]. Chinese Optics, 2021, 14(2): 397-408. doi: 10.37188/CO.2020-0108

Citation:

YAN Shan-shan, WANG Shuang-peng, SU Shi-chen. Hybrid plasmonic leaky-mode lasing on subwavelength scale[J].Chinese Optics, 2021, 14(2): 397-408.doi:10.37188/CO.2020-0108

PDF( 4787 KB)

Hybrid plasmonic leaky-mode lasing on subwavelength scale

doi:10.37188/CO.2020-0108

1.
Institute of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
2.
Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
3.
SCNU Qingyuan Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Co., Ltd., Qingyuan 511517, China

Funds:Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61574063); Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province (No. 2017A050506047, No. 2017B030311013); Guangzhou Science and Technology Project (No. 2016201604030047, No. 201804010169); Guangdong Province Scientific and Technology Project (No. 2019B090905005); Science and Technology Development Fund (No. 0125/2018/A3, No. 0071/2019/AMJ) from Macau SAR; Multi-Year Research Grants (No. MYRG-00149-FST) from University of Macau

More Information

Author Bio:
YAN Shan-shan(1993—), male, born in Huangshi, Hubei, PhD candidate. He received his BS degree from Hubei University, and his MS degrees from South China Normal University in 2015 and 2018, respectively, all in Electrical Engineering. Shanshan Yan’s research interest has been in the area of traditional wide bandgap semiconductor and the latest perovskite materials. E-mail: yb87810@um.edu.mo
WANG Shuang-peng(1982—) male, born in Harbin, Heilongjiang. Dr. Wang is an assistant professor in IAPME at University of Macau. He got his doctorate from Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2011. His research interests are group II oxide, low dimensional materials and their optoelectronic application. E-mail:spwang@um.edu.mo
SU Shi-chen(1980—) male, born in Jiamusi, Heilongjiang. Dr. Su received his doctoral degree in science from Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2009. He is now a professor in South China Normal University. He is engaged in the research of wide bandgap semiconductor materials, such as ZnO and GaN, as well as their applications in optoelectronics. E-mail:shichensu@scnu.edu.cn
Corresponding author:spwang@um.edu.mo;shichensu@scnu.edu.cn
Received Date:18 Jun 2020
Rev Recd Date:27 Jul 2020

Available Online:05 Feb 2021

Publish Date:23 Mar 2021

Abstract

Abstract

Due to the existence of diffraction limit as the basic characteristic of light, the lasing on subwavelength scale cannot be achieved by traditional methods. In order to break this diffraction limit, a stacked structure composed of metal, dielectric layer and semiconductor was designed in this paper to achieve lasing on the deep subwavelength scale and its influence on the propagation mode was discussed. In terms of structural design, we used silver, a metal with low dielectric constant, as the substrate, a 10 nm-thick LiF layer as the dielectric layer, and a ZnO semiconductor nanowire with hexagonal section as the high-dielectric-constant layer. We adopted the finite-difference eigen mode and Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method to perform optical simulation of the designed structure. First, by changing the nanowire diameter and using the finite eigen mode, the optical modes in the dielectric layer were analyzed to obtain four mode distributions. Then the effective refractive indexes and losses of the four optical modes at different nanowire diameters were used to calculate the corresponding waveguide propagation distances and lasing threshold gains. Finally, the three-dimensional FDTD method was introduced to simulate the electric field distribution of the four modes during the steady-state laser emissionin of the nanowire. The results showed that there were hybrid plasmonic mode and hybrid electric mode in the dielectric layer between the nanowire and the metal substrate. When the diameter of ZnO nanowire was smaller than 75 nm, there was no effective physical optical mode, that is, both the hybrid plasmonic mode and the hybrid electric mode were cut off. When the nanowire diameter was larger than 75 nm, the hybrid plasmonic mode could effectively exist. The hybrid electric mode did not appear until the nanowire diameter reached 120 nm. Although the hybrid plasmonic mode could be better confined to the dielectric layer, its loss was too large and its propagation distance was relatively small. In addition, the hybrid electric mode traveled a longer distance than hybrid plasmonic mode. At the given diameter of the micron wire ( D= 240 μm), the hybrid electric mode propagated for over 50 μm. In conclusion, the hybrid leaky mode on the deep subwavelength scale can break the optical diffraction limit and realize lasing.
- laser,
- leaky-mode,
- subwavelength,
- waveguide

FullText(HTML)

References (29)

References

[1]	RUST M J, BATES M, ZHUANG X W. Sub-diffraction-limit imaging by stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM)[J]. Nature Methods, 2006, 3(10): 793-796. doi:10.1038/nmeth929
[2]	MAIER S A, KIK P G, ATWATER H A, et al. Local detection of electromagnetic energy transport below the diffraction limit in metal nanoparticle plasmon waveguides[J]. Nature Materials, 2003, 2(4): 229-232. doi:10.1038/nmat852
[3]	GRAMOTNEV D K, BOZHEVOLNYI S I. Plasmonics beyond the diffraction limit[J]. Nature Photonics, 2010, 4(2): 83-91. doi:10.1038/nphoton.2009.282
[4]	BARNES W L, DEREUX A, EBBESEN T W. Surface plasmon subwavelength optics[J]. Nature, 2003, 424(6950): 824-830. doi:10.1038/nature01937
[5]	BOZHEVOLNYI S I, VOLKOV V S, DEVAUX E, et al. Channel plasmon subwavelength waveguide components including interferometers and ring resonators[J]. Nature, 2006, 440(7083): 508-511. doi:10.1038/nature04594
[6]	PARK S, HAHN J W. Plasmonic data storage medium with metallic nano-aperture array embedded in dielectric material[J]. Optics Express, 2009, 17(22): 20203-20210. doi:10.1364/OE.17.020203
[7]	MANSURIPUR M, ZAKHARIAN A R, LESUFFLEUR A, et al. Plasmonic nano-structures for optical data storage[J]. Optics Express, 2009, 17(16): 14001-14014. doi:10.1364/OE.17.014001
[8]	KUBO A, PONTIUS N, PETEK H. Femtosecond microscopy of surface plasmon polariton wave packet evolution at the silver/vacuum interface[J]. Nano Letters, 2007, 7(2): 470-475. doi:10.1021/nl0627846
[9]	SMOLYANINOV I I, ELLIOTT J, ZAYATS A V, et al. Far-field optical microscopy with a nanometer-scale resolution based on the in-plane image magnification by surface plasmon polaritons[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2005, 94(5): 057401. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.057401
[10]	NELSON B P, GRIMSRUD T E, LILES M R, et al. Surface plasmon resonance imaging measurements of DNA and RNA hybridization adsorption onto DNA microarrays[J]. Analytical Chemistry, 2001, 73(1): 1-7. doi:10.1021/ac0010431
[11]	SMITH E A, THOMAS W D, KIESSLING L L, et al. Surface plasmon resonance imaging studies of protein-carbohydrate interactions[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2003, 125(20): 6140-6148. doi:10.1021/ja034165u
[12]	LEE Y H, JEWELL J L, SCHERER A, et al. Room-temperature continuous-wave vertical-cavity single-quantum-well microlaser diodes[J]. Electronics Letters, 1989, 25(20): 1377-1378. doi:10.1049/el:19890921
[13]	LEVI A F J, SLUSHER R E, MCCALL S L, et al. Room temperature operation of microdisc lasers with submilliamp threshold current[J]. Electronics Letters, 1992, 28(11): 1010-1012. doi:10.1049/el:19920642
[14]	PAINTER O, LEE R K, SCHERER A, et al. Two-dimensional photonic band-gap defect mode laser[J]. Science, 1999, 284(5421): 1819-1821. doi:10.1126/science.284.5421.1819
[15]	MA R M, OULTON R F, SORGER V J, et al. Room-temperature sub-diffraction-limited plasmon laser by total internal reflection[J]. Nature Materials, 2011, 10(2): 110-113. doi:10.1038/nmat2919
[16]	TREDICUCCI A, GMACHL C, CAPASSO F, et al. Single-mode surface-plasmon laser[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2000, 76(16): 2164-2166. doi:10.1063/1.126183
[17]	CHU SH, WANG G P, ZHOU W, et al. Electrically pumped waveguide lasing from ZnO nanowires[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 2011, 6(8): 506-510. doi:10.1038/nnano.2011.97
[18]	JOHNSON J C, CHOI H J, KNUTSEN K P, et al. Single gallium nitride nanowire lasers[J]. Nature Materials, 2002, 1(2): 106-110. doi:10.1038/nmat728
[19]	WUESTNER S, HAMM J M, PUSCH A, et al. Plasmonic leaky-mode lasing in active semiconductor nanowires[J]. Laser& Photonics Reviews, 2015, 9(2): 256-262.
[20]	NEZHAD M P, SIMIC A, BONDARENKO O, et al. Room-temperature subwavelength metallo-dielectric lasers[J]. Nature Photonics, 2010, 4(6): 395-399. doi:10.1038/nphoton.2010.88
[21]	OULTON R F, SORGER V J, ZENTGRAF T, et al. Plasmon lasers at deep subwavelength scale[J]. Nature, 2009, 461(7264): 629-632. doi:10.1038/nature08364
[22]	OULTON R F, BARTAL G, PILE D F P, et al. Confinement and propagation characteristics of subwavelength plasmonic modes[J]. New Journal of Physics, 2008, 10(10): 105018. doi:10.1088/1367-2630/10/10/105018
[23]	JOHNSON P B, CHRISTY R W. Optical constants of the noble metals[J]. Physical Review B, 1972, 6(12): 4370. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.6.4370
[24]	NING C Z. Semiconductor nanolasers[J]. Physica Status Solidi( B) : Basic Solid State Physics, 2010, 247(4): 774-788. doi:10.1002/pssb.200945436
[25]	LI D B, NING C ZH. Peculiar features of confinement factors in a metal-semiconductor waveguide[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2010, 96(18): 181109. doi:10.1063/1.3425896
[26]	LI D B, NING C ZH. Giant modal gain, amplified surface plasmon-polariton propagation, and slowing down of energy velocity in a metal-semiconductor-metal structure[J]. Physical Review B, 2009, 80(15): 153304. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.80.153304
[27]	CHANG S H, TAFLOVE A. Finite-difference time-domain model of lasing action in a four-level two-electron atomic system[J]. Optics Express, 2004, 12(16): 3827-3833. doi:10.1364/OPEX.12.003827
[28]	ZHU ZH M, BROWN T G. Full-vectorial finite-difference analysis of microstructured optical fibers[J]. Optics Express, 2002, 10(17): 853-864. doi:10.1364/OE.10.000853
[29]	OULTON R F, SORGER V J, GENOV D A, et al. A hybrid plasmonic waveguide for subwavelength confinement and long-range propagation[J]. Nature Photonics, 2008, 2(8): 496-500. doi:10.1038/nphoton.2008.131