Jul. 2021

Article Contents

Chinese Optics> 2021> 14(4): 812-822.

ZHENG Jia-lu, DAI Zhi-gao, HU Guang-wei, OU Qing-dong, ZHANG Jin-rui, GAN Xue-tao, QIU Cheng-wei, BAO Qiao-liang. Twisted van der Waals materials for photonics[J]. Chinese Optics, 2021, 14(4): 812-822. doi: 10.37188/CO.2021-0023

Citation:

ZHENG Jia-lu, DAI Zhi-gao, HU Guang-wei, OU Qing-dong, ZHANG Jin-rui, GAN Xue-tao, QIU Cheng-wei, BAO Qiao-liang. Twisted van der Waals materials for photonics[J].Chinese Optics, 2021, 14(4): 812-822.doi:10.37188/CO.2021-0023

Citation:

ZHENG Jia-lu, DAI Zhi-gao, HU Guang-wei, OU Qing-dong, ZHANG Jin-rui, GAN Xue-tao, QIU Cheng-wei, BAO Qiao-liang. Twisted van der Waals materials for photonics[J].Chinese Optics, 2021, 14(4): 812-822.doi:10.37188/CO.2021-0023

PDF( 4757 KB)

Twisted van der Waals materials for photonics

doi:10.37188/CO.2021-0023

1.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China
2.
Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
3.
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
4.
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
5.
School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
6.
Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China

Funds:Supported by Shenzhen Nanshan District Pilotage Team Program (No. LHTD20170006); the Natural Science Foundation Research Project of Shaanxi Province (No. 2021JQ-603)

More Information

Corresponding author:zhengjialu_xsy@163.com;chengwei.qiu@nus.edu.sg;qiaoliang.bao@gmail.com
Received Date:25 Jan 2021
Rev Recd Date:26 Feb 2021

Available Online:08 May 2021

Publish Date:01 Jul 2021

Abstract

Abstract

Polaritons are half-light, half-matter quasi-particles formed by the interaction of light and different polarons. They can be applied for light-control at sub-wavelength scales and have shown intriguing potential for optical imaging, enhanced nonlinear optics and novel metamaterial design. Recent advances in the twistronics of two-dimensional van der Waals materials have enabled a vast variety of extraordinary phenomena associated with moiré physics, which also inspired new direction for the research of polaritons. In this article, we briefly review the rise of “twist-photonics”, including plasmon polaritons in twisted graphene system, exciton polaritons in a twisted transition-metal dichalcogenide system and phonon polaritons in a twisted h-BN and α-MoO ₃system. Twist van der Waals materials may offer new directions to manipulate light-matter interactions at nanoscale.
- twistronics,
- two-dimensional materials,
- van der Waals materials,
- polaritons

FullText(HTML)

References (85)

References

[1]	DAI ZH G, HU G W, SI G Y, et al. Edge-oriented and steerable hyperbolic polaritons in anisotropic van der Waals nanocavities[J]. Nature Communications, 2020, 11(1): 6086. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19913-4
[2]	MA W L, SHABBIR B, OU Q D, et al. Anisotropic polaritons in van der Waals materials[J]. InfoMat, 2020, 2(5): 777-790. doi:10.1002/inf2.12119
[3]	NOVOSELOV K S, GEIM A K, MOROZOV S V, et al. Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films[J]. Science, 2004, 306(5696): 666-669. doi:10.1126/science.1102896
[4]	BAO Q L, LOH K P. Graphene photonics, plasmonics, and broadband optoelectronic devices[J]. ACS Nano, 2012, 6(5): 3677-3694. doi:10.1021/nn300989g
[5]	XIA F N, WANG H, XIAO D, et al. Two-dimensional material nanophotonics[J]. Nature Photonics, 2014, 8(12): 899-907. doi:10.1038/nphoton.2014.271
[6]	LOW T, CHAVES A, CALDWELL J D, et al. Polaritons in layered two-dimensional materials[J]. Nature Materials, 2017, 16(2): 182-194. doi:10.1038/nmat4792
[7]	KHURGIN J B, SUN G. In search of the elusive lossless metal[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2010, 96(18): 181102. doi:10.1063/1.3425890
[8]	HU F, LUAN Y, SCOTT M E, et al. Imaging exciton–polariton transport in MoSe ₂waveguides[J]. Nature Photonics, 2017, 11(6): 356-360. doi:10.1038/nphoton.2017.65
[9]	CALDWELL J D, LINDSAY L, GIANNINI V, et al. Low-loss, infrared and terahertz nanophotonics using surface phonon polaritons[J]. Nanophotonics, 2015, 4(1): 44-68. doi:10.1515/nanoph-2014-0003
[10]	HU G W, SHEN J L, QIU CH W, et al. Phonon polaritons and hyperbolic response in van der waals materials[J]. Advanced Optical Materials, 2020, 8(5): 1901393. doi:10.1002/adom.201901393
[11]	CARR S, MASSATT D, FANG SH A, et al. Twistronics: manipulating the electronic properties of two-dimensional layered structures through their twist angle[J]. Physical Review B, 2017, 95(7): 075420. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.95.075420
[12]	CAO Y, FATEMI V, DEMIR A, et al. Correlated insulator behaviour at half-filling in magic-angle graphene superlattices[J]. Nature, 2018, 556(7699): 80-84. doi:10.1038/nature26154
[13]	CAO Y, FATEMI V, FANG SH A, et al. Unconventional superconductivity in magic-angle graphene superlattices[J]. Nature, 2018, 556(7699): 43-50. doi:10.1038/nature26160
[14]	JIANG L L, SHI ZH W, ZENG B, et al. Soliton-dependent plasmon reflection at bilayer graphene domain walls[J]. Nature Materials, 2016, 15(8): 840-844. doi:10.1038/nmat4653
[15]	SUNKU S S, NI G X, JIANG B Y, et al. Photonic crystals for nano-light in moiré graphene superlattices[J]. Science, 2018, 362(6419): 1153-1156. doi:10.1126/science.aau5144
[16]	TRAN K, MOODY G, WU F CH, et al. Evidence for moire excitons in van der Waals heterostructures[J]. Nature, 2019, 567(7746): 71-75. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0975-z
[17]	SEYLER K L, RIVERA P, YU H Y, et al. Signatures of moire-trapped valley excitons in MoSe ₂/WSe ₂heterobilayers[J]. Nature, 2019, 567(7746): 66-70. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0957-1
[18]	JIN CH H, REGAN E C, YAN A M, et al. Observation of moire excitons in WSe ₂/WS ₂heterostructure superlattices[J]. Nature, 2019, 567(7746): 76-80. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0976-y
[19]	ALEXEEV E M, RUIZ-TIJERINA D A, DANOVICH M, et al. Resonantly hybridized excitons in moire superlattices in van der Waals heterostructures[J]. Nature, 2019, 567(7746): 81-86. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0986-9
[20]	NI G X, WANG H, JIANG B Y, et al. Soliton superlattices in twisted hexagonal boron nitride[J]. Nature Communications, 2019, 10(1): 4360. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12327-x
[21]	HU G W, OU Q D, SI G Y, et al. Topological polaritons and photonic magic angles in twisted α-MoO ₃bilayers[J]. Nature, 2020, 582(7811): 209-213. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2359-9
[22]	MA W L, ALONSO-GONZÁLEZ P, LI SH J, et al. In-plane anisotropic and ultra-low-loss polaritons in a natural van der Waals crystal[J]. Nature, 2018, 562(7728): 557-562. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0618-9
[23]	ZHENG Z B, XU N SH, OSCURATO S L, et al. A mid-infrared biaxial hyperbolic van der Waals crystal[J]. Science Advances, 2019, 5(5): eaav8690. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aav8690
[24]	WU Y J, OU Q D, YIN Y F, et al. Chemical switching of low-loss phonon polaritons in α-MoO ₃by hydrogen intercalation[J]. Nature Communications, 2020, 11(1): 2646. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-16459-3
[25]	ALCARAZ IRANZO D, NANOT S, DIAS E J C, et al. Probing the ultimate plasmon confinement limits with a van der waals heterostructure[J]. Science, 2018, 360(6386): 291-295. doi:10.1126/science.aar8438
[26]	NI G X, WANG H, WU J S, et al. Plasmons in graphene moiré superlattices[J]. Nature Materials, 2015, 14(12): 1217-1222. doi:10.1038/nmat4425
[27]	FEI Z, RODIN A S, ANDREEV G O, et al. Gate-tuning of graphene plasmons revealed by infrared nano-imaging[J]. Nature, 2012, 487(7405): 82-85. doi:10.1038/nature11253
[28]	CHEN J N, BADIOLI M, ALONSO-GONZÁLEZ P, et al. Optical nano-imaging of gate-tunable graphene plasmons[J]. Nature, 2012, 487(7405): 77-81. doi:10.1038/nature11254
[29]	WOESSNER A, LUNDEBERG M B, GAO Y D, et al. Highly confined low-loss plasmons in graphene-boron nitride heterostructures[J]. Nature Materials, 2015, 14(4): 421-425. doi:10.1038/nmat4169
[30]	NI G X, WANG L, GOLDFLAM M D, et al. Ultrafast optical switching of infrared plasmon polaritons in high-mobility graphene[J]. Nature Photonics, 2016, 10(4): 244-247. doi:10.1038/nphoton.2016.45
[31]	吕新宇, 李志强. 石墨烯莫尔超晶格体系的拓扑性质及光学研究进展[J]. 物理学报,2019,68(22):220303. doi:10.7498/aps.68.20191317 LÜ X Y, LI ZH Q. Topological properties of graphene moiré superlattice systems and recent optical studies[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2019, 68(22): 220303. (in Chinese) doi:10.7498/aps.68.20191317
[32]	DAI ZH G, HU G W, OU Q D, et al. Artificial metaphotonics born naturally in two dimensions[J]. Chemical Reviews, 2020, 120(13): 6197-6246. doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00592
[33]	SUN J B, ZHOU J, LI B, et al. Indefinite permittivity and negative refraction in natural material: graphite[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2011, 98(10): 101901. doi:10.1063/1.3562033
[34]	JACOB Z, ALEKSEYEV L V, NARIMANOV E. Optical hyperlens: far-field imaging beyond the diffraction limit[J]. Optics Express, 2006, 14(18): 8247-8256. doi:10.1364/OE.14.008247
[35]	RHO J, YE Z L, XIONG Y, et al. Spherical hyperlens for two-dimensional sub-diffractional imaging at visible frequencies[J]. Nature Communications, 2010, 1(1): 143. doi:10.1038/ncomms1148
[36]	LU D, KAN J J, FULLERTON E E, et al. Enhancing spontaneous emission rates of molecules using nanopatterned multilayer hyperbolic metamaterials[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 2014, 9(1): 48-53. doi:10.1038/nnano.2013.276
[37]	SHALAGINOV M Y, ISHII S, LIU J, et al. Broadband enhancement of spontaneous emission from nitrogen-vacancy centers in nanodiamonds by hyperbolic metamaterials[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2013, 102(17): 173114. doi:10.1063/1.4804262
[38]	SREEKANTH K V, BIAGLOW T, STRANGI G. Directional spontaneous emission enhancement in hyperbolic metamaterials[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2013, 114(13): 134306. doi:10.1063/1.4824287
[39]	TUMKUR T, ZHU G, BLACK P, et al. Control of spontaneous emission in a volume of functionalized hyperbolic metamaterial[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2011, 99(15): 151115. doi:10.1063/1.3631723
[40]	NOGINOV M A, LI H, BARNAKOV Y A, et al. Controlling spontaneous emission with metamaterials[J]. Optics Letters, 2010, 35(11): 1863-1865. doi:10.1364/OL.35.001863
[41]	WURTZ G A, POLLARD R, HENDREN W, et al. Designed ultrafast optical nonlinearity in a plasmonic nanorod metamaterial enhanced by nonlocality[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 2011, 6(2): 107-111. doi:10.1038/nnano.2010.278
[42]	KABASHIN A V, EVANS P, PASTKOVSKY S, et al. Plasmonic nanorod metamaterials for biosensing[J]. Nature Materials, 2009, 8(11): 867-871. doi:10.1038/nmat2546
[43]	ALDEN J S, TSEN A W, HUANG P Y, et al. Strain solitons and topological defects in bilayer graphene[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013, 110(28): 11256-11260. doi:10.1073/pnas.1309394110
[44]	JIANG B Y, NI G X, ADDISON Z, et al. Plasmon reflections by topological electronic boundaries in bilayer graphene[J]. Nano Letters, 2017, 17(11): 7080-7085. doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03816
[45]	FEI Z, RODIN A S, GANNETT W, et al. Electronic and plasmonic phenomena at graphene grain boundaries[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 2013, 8(11): 821-825. doi:10.1038/nnano.2013.197
[46]	SONG Y, DERY H. Transport theory of monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides through symmetry[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2013, 111(2): 026601. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.026601
[47]	JU L, SHI ZH W, NAIR N, et al. Topological valley transport at bilayer graphene domain walls[J]. Nature, 2015, 520(7549): 650-655. doi:10.1038/nature14364
[48]	HU G W, KRASNOK A, MAZOR Y, et al. Moiré hyperbolic metasurfaces[J]. Nano Letters, 2020, 20(5): 3217-3224. doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b05319
[49]	张子洁, 梁瑜章, 徐挺. 双曲超材料及超表面研究进展[J]. 光电工程,2017,44(3):276-288. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-501X.2017.03.002 ZHANG Z J, LIANG Y ZH, XU T. Research advances of hyperbolic metamaterials and metasurfaces[J]. Opto-Electronic Engineering, 2017, 44(3): 276-288. (in Chinese) doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-501X.2017.03.002
[50]	HIGH A A, DEVLIN R C, DIBOS A, et al. Visible-frequency hyperbolic metasurface[J]. Nature, 2015, 522(7555): 192-196. doi:10.1038/nature14477
[51]	GOMEZ-DIAZ J S, TYMCHENKO M, ALÙ A. Hyperbolic plasmons and topological transitions over uniaxial metasurfaces[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2015, 114(23): 233901. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.233901
[52]	CORREAS-SERRANO D, GOMEZ-DIAZ J S, MELCON A A, et al. Black phosphorus plasmonics: anisotropic elliptical propagation and nonlocality-induced canalization[J]. Journal of Optics, 2016, 18(10): 104006. doi:10.1088/2040-8978/18/10/104006
[53]	LI P N, DOLADO I, ALFARO-MOZAZ F J, et al. Infrared hyperbolic metasurface based on nanostructured van der Waals materials[J]. Science, 2018, 359(6378): 892-896. doi:10.1126/science.aaq1704
[54]	NEMILENTSAU A, LOW T, HANSON G. Anisotropic 2D materials for tunable hyperbolic plasmonics[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2016, 116(6): 066804. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.066804
[55]	GOMEZ-DIAZ J S, ALÙ A. Flatland optics with hyperbolic metasurfaces[J]. ACS Photonics, 2016, 3(12): 2211-2224. doi:10.1021/acsphotonics.6b00645
[56]	BELASHCHENKO K D, VAN SCHILFGAARDE M, ANTROPOV V P. Coexistence of covalent and metallic bonding in the boron intercalation superconductor MgB ₂[J]. Physical Review B, 2001, 64(9): 092503. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.64.092503
[57]	GURITANU V, KUZMENKO A B, Van Der MAREL D, et al. Anisotropic optical conductivity and two colors of MgB ₂[J]. Physical Review B, 2006, 73(10): 104509. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.73.104509
[58]	NEE T W. Anisotropic optical properties of YBa ₂Cu ₃O ₇[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 1992, 71(12): 6002-6007. doi:10.1063/1.350454
[59]	KORZEB K, GAJC M, PAWLAK D A. Compendium of natural hyperbolic materials[J]. Optics Express, 2015, 23(20): 25406-25424. doi:10.1364/OE.23.025406
[60]	SUN J B, LITCHINITSER N M, ZHOU J. Indefinite by nature: from ultraviolet to terahertz[J]. ACS Photonics, 2014, 1(4): 293-303. doi:10.1021/ph4000983
[61]	CALDWELL J D, KRETININ A V, CHEN Y G, et al. Sub-diffractional volume-confined polaritons in the natural hyperbolic material hexagonal boron nitride[J]. Nature Communications, 2014, 5(1): 5221. doi:10.1038/ncomms6221
[62]	ALEKSEYEV L V, PODOLSKIY V A, NARIMANOV E E. Homogeneous hyperbolic systems for terahertz and far-infrared frequencies[J]. Advances in OptoElectronics, 2012, 2012: 267564.
[63]	GUPTA A, SAKTHIVEL T, SEAL S. Recent development in 2D materials beyond graphene[J]. Progress in Materials Science, 2015, 73: 44-126. doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2015.02.002
[64]	LOW T, ROLDÁN R, WANG H, et al. Plasmons and screening in monolayer and multilayer black phosphorus[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2014, 113(10): 106802. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.106802
[65]	RODIN A S, CARVALHO A, CASTRO NETO A H. Strain-induced gap modification in black phosphorus[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2014, 112(17): 176801. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.176801
[66]	LOW T, RODIN A S, CARVALHO A, et al. Tunable optical properties of multilayer black phosphorus thin films[J]. Physical Review B, 2014, 90(7): 075434. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.90.075434
[67]	LIU Z ZH, AYDIN K. Localized surface plasmons in nanostructured monolayer black phosphorus[J]. Nano Letters, 2016, 16(6): 3457-3462. doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b05166
[68]	CAO Y, CHOWDHURY D, RODAN-LEGRAIN D, et al. Strange metal in magic-angle graphene with near planckian dissipation[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2020, 124(7): 076801. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.076801
[69]	NEUNER III B, KOROBKIN D, FIETZ C, et al. Midinfrared index sensing of pL-scale analytes based on surface phonon polaritons in silicon carbide[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2010, 114(16): 7489-7491. doi:10.1021/jp9114139
[70]	DAI S, FEI Z, MA Q, et al. Tunable phonon polaritons in atomically thin van der Waals crystals of boron nitride[J]. Science, 2014, 343(6175): 1125-1129. doi:10.1126/science.1246833
[71]	LI P N, LEWIN M, KRETININ A V, et al. Hyperbolic phonon-polaritons in boron nitride for near-field optical imaging and focusing[J]. Nature Communications, 2015, 6(1): 7507. doi:10.1038/ncomms8507
[72]	LI P, DOLADO I, ALFARO-MOZAZ F J, et al. Optical nanoimaging of hyperbolic surface polaritons at the edges of van der waals materials[J]. Nano Letters, 2017, 17(1): 228-235. doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03920
[73]	LI P N, HU G W, DOLADO I, et al. Collective near-field coupling and nonlocal phenomena in infrared-phononic metasurfaces for nano-light canalization[J]. Nature Communications, 2020, 11(1): 3663. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17425-9
[74]	LI N, GUO X D, YANG X X, et al. Direct observation of highly confined phonon polaritons in suspended monolayer hexagonal boron nitride[J]. Nature Materials, 2021, 20(1): 43-48. doi:10.1038/s41563-020-0763-z
[75]	HU H, YANG X X, ZHAI F, et al. Far-field nanoscale infrared spectroscopy of vibrational fingerprints of molecules with graphene plasmons[J]. Nature Communications, 2016, 7(1): 12334. doi:10.1038/ncomms12334
[76]	HU D B, YANG X X, LI CH, et al. Probing optical anisotropy of nanometer-thin van der waals microcrystals by near-field imaging[J]. Nature Communications, 2017, 8(1): 1471. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-01580-7
[77]	HU D B, CHEN K, CHEN X ZH, et al. Tunable modal birefringence in a low-loss van der waals waveguide[J]. Advanced Materials, 2019, 31(27): 1807788. doi:10.1002/adma.201807788
[78]	HU H, YANG X X, GUO X D, et al. Gas identification with graphene plasmons[J]. Nature Communications, 2019, 10(1): 1131. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-09008-0
[79]	GUO X D, LIU R N, HU D B, et al. Efficient all-optical plasmonic modulators with atomically thin van der waals heterostructures[J]. Advanced Materials, 2020, 32(11): 1907105. doi:10.1002/adma.201907105
[80]	YANG X X, ZHAI F, HU H, et al. Far-field spectroscopy and near-field optical imaging of coupled Plasmon-phonon polaritons in 2D van der waals heterostructures[J]. Advanced Materials, 2016, 28(15): 2931-2938. doi:10.1002/adma.201505765
[81]	BELOV P A, SIMOVSKI C R, IKONEN P. Canalization of subwavelength images by electromagnetic crystals[J]. Physical Review B, 2005, 71(19): 193105. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.71.193105
[82]	KRISHNAMOORTHY H N S, JACOB Z, NARIMANOV E, et al. Topological transitions in metamaterials[J]. Science, 2012, 336(6078): 205-209. doi:10.1126/science.1219171
[83]	KEILMANN F, HILLENBRAND R. Near-field microscopy by elastic light scattering from a tip[J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 2004, 362(1817): 787-805. doi:10.1098/rsta.2003.1347
[84]	SHVETS G, TRENDAFILOV S, PENDRY J B, et al. Guiding, focusing, and sensing on the subwavelength scale using metallic wire arrays[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2007, 99(5): 053903. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.053903
[85]	LI ZH Y, LIN L L. Evaluation of lensing in photonic crystal slabs exhibiting negative refraction[J]. Physical Review B, 2003, 68(24): 245110. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.68.245110